The Variation of Antigenic and Histo-blood Group Binding Sites Synergistically Drive the Evolution Among Chronologically Emerging GII.4 Noroviruses

Overview

Journal Heliyon

Specialty Social Sciences

Date 2024 Mar 11

PMID 38463890

Authors

Xiaojing Hong

Liang Xue

Yingwen Cao

Ruiquan Xu

Jingmin Wang

Junshan Gao

Shuidi Miao

Yueting Jiang

Xiaoxia Kou

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Norovirus, commonly found on shellfish and vegetables, is a foodborne virus with GII.4 as the dominant genotype responsible for widespread outbreaks since 1995. Continuous variation of major capsid protein VP1 can lead to changes in the immunogenicity and host receptor binding ability of norovirus, which is an important evolutionary mechanism. Therefore, analyzing the immunogenicity of VP1 and its binding ability to various HBGAs in GII.4 variants could improve our understanding of the persistent prevalence of GII.4. Here, the results suggest that GII.4 has gradually enhanced its HBGAs binding ability over time for various types of receptors. Variants exhibit significantly stronger immune response to homologous mouse antiserum than heterologous ones, highlighting the importance of variation of antigenic and histo-blood group binding sites in driving the evolution of GII.4. These synergistic forces constantly lead to antigenic drift and changes in receptor binding, resulting in continuous emergence of new variant strains and sustained prevalence.

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