Monkeypox: Immune Response, Vaccination and Preventive Efforts

Overview

Journal Narra J

Specialties Public Health
Tropical Medicine

Date 2024 Mar 7

PMID 38449905

Authors

Youdiil Ophinni

Andri Frediansyah

Salin Sirinam

Dewi Megawati

Ana M Stoian

Seyi S Enitan

Richard Y Akele

Ranjit Sah

Krit Pongpirul

Ziad Abdeen

Sevda Aghayeva

Aamer Ikram

Yohannes Kebede

Uwe Wollina

Kannan Subbaram

Ai Koyanagi

Abdulwahed Al Serouri

H Blaise Nguendo-Yongsi

Jeffrey Edwards

Dina E Sallam

Yousef Khader

Sandro G Viveiros-Rosa

Ziad A Memish

Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami

Sandro Vento

Marius Rademaker

Malik Sallam

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Infectious threats to humans are continuously emerging. The 2022 worldwide monkeypox outbreak is the latest of these threats with the virus rapidly spreading to 106 countries by the end of September 2022. The burden of the ongoing monkeypox outbreak is manifested by 68,000 cumulative confirmed cases and 26 deaths. Although monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease, patients can suffer from extremely painful skin lesions and complications can occur with reported mortalities. The antigenic similarity between the smallpox virus (variola virus) and monkeypox virus can be utilized to prevent monkeypox using smallpox vaccines; treatment is also based on antivirals initially designed to treat smallpox. However, further studies are needed to fully decipher the immune response to monkeypox virus and the immune evasion mechanisms. In this review we provide an up-to-date discussion of the current state of knowledge regarding monkeypox virus with a special focus on innate immune response, immune evasion mechanisms and vaccination against the virus.

Citing Articles

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