Effect of Degraded Flaxseed Meals on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Health Status of Broilers

Overview

Journal Anim Biosci

Specialty Veterinary Medicine

Date 2024 Feb 29

PMID 38419544

Authors

Xiaoyu Ji

Xiangyu Liu

Jianping Wang

Ning Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: The present study evaluated the effect of flaxseed meal degraded by a protease, Lactobacillus plantarum, or both on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and health status of broilers.

Methods: There were four diets containing flaxseed meals in its non-degraded form (control, CON), degraded with 3,000 U/kg of protease (enzymatic, ELM), 1.0×109 CFU/kg of Lactobacillus plantarum (fermented, FLM), or both (dual-degraded, DLM). Each form of flaxseed meals was added at 15% of diet. A total of 480 yellow-feathered broilers at 22 d of age were distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chickens each. The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. Growth performance, apparent fecal digestibility (dry matter, energy, crude protein, and ash), and serum immunoglobins and antioxidases were determined at 42 and 63 d of age.

Results: Results showed that ELM, FLM, and DLM increased (p<0.001) the contents of peptides and decreased (p<0.001) cyanogenic glycosides, compared to CON. The diets with degraded flaxseed meals increased (p<0.05) feed intake and body weight gain throughout the feeding trial, and the digestibility of energy, crude protein, and ash at the end of feeding trial. Furthermore, all degraded groups enhanced (p<0.05) broiler health status by increasing serum immunoglobulins A and G. Additinally, DLM showed more pronounced effects (p<0.05) on these parameters than ELM or FLM.

Conclusion: Flaxseed meals degraded by enzymolysis, fermentation, or both had improved nutrition and application in broilers.

References

Alasalvar C, Chang S, Bolling B, Oh W, Shahidi F . Specialty seeds: Nutrients, bioactives, bioavailability, and health benefits: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2021; 20(3):2382-2427. DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12730. View

Wu Z, Liu J, Chen J, Pirzado S, Li Y, Cai H . Effects of Fermentation on Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Rapeseed Meal Fed to Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel). 2020; 10(10). PMC: 7599665. DOI: 10.3390/ani10101774. View

Karlund A, Gomez-Gallego C, Korhonen J, Palo-Oja O, El-Nezami H, Kolehmainen M . Harnessing Microbes for Sustainable Development: Food Fermentation as a Tool for Improving the Nutritional Quality of Alternative Protein Sources. Nutrients. 2020; 12(4). PMC: 7230334. DOI: 10.3390/nu12041020. View

Cressey P, Reeve J . Metabolism of cyanogenic glycosides: A review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019; 125:225-232. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.002. View

Wang J, Luo Y, Li P, Zhang F, Liu N . Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza aerial parts on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes in rabbits. Anim Biosci. 2021; 34(12):1981-1986. PMC: 8563232. DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0070. View

Hosseini H, Esmaeili N, Sepehr A, Zare M, Rombenso A, Badierah R . Does supplementing laying hen diets with a herb mixture mitigate the negative impacts of excessive inclusion of extruded flaxseed?. Anim Biosci. 2022; 36(4):629-641. PMC: 9996271. DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0183. View

Pi Y, Ma L, Wang H, Wang J, Xu J, Bu D . Rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil supplementation on serum fatty acid profile, oxidation stability of serum and milk, and immune function of dairy cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2019; 32(9):1363-1372. PMC: 6722319. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0573. View

Head B, Bionaz M, Cherian G . Flaxseed and Carbohydrase Enzyme Supplementation Alters Hepatic n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Molecular Species and Expression of Genes Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Broiler Chickens. Vet Sci. 2019; 6(1). PMC: 6465989. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010025. View

Shahzad M, Butt W, Hussain Z, Rehman R, Khan M, Hussain M . Use of multi-strain probiotics in linseed meal based diet for Labeo rohita fingerlings. Braz J Biol. 2021; 83:e246727. DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246727. View

10.

Zhai S, Zhou T, Li M, Zhu Y, Li M, Feng P . Fermentation of flaxseed cake increases its nutritional value and utilization in ducklings. Poult Sci. 2019; 98(11):5636-5647. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez326. View

11.

Apperson K, Cherian G . Effect of whole flax seed and carbohydrase enzymes on gastrointestinal morphology, muscle fatty acids, and production performance in broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2016; 96(5):1228-1234. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew371. View

12.

Saleh A, Nahla A, Amber K, Badawi N, Aboelenin S, Alzawqari M . Effect of dietary incorporation of peanut and linseed meals with or without enzyme mixture on physiological performance of broilers. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022; 29(6):103291. PMC: 9065897. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103291. View

13.

Giacomino S, Penas E, Ferreyra V, Pellegrino N, Fournier M, Apro N . Extruded flaxseed meal enhances the nutritional quality of cereal-based products. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2013; 68(2):131-6. DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0359-8. View

14.

Thanabalan A, Moats J, Kiarie E . Effects of feeding broiler breeder hens a coextruded full-fat flaxseed and pulses mixture without or with multienzyme supplement. Poult Sci. 2020; 99(5):2616-2623. PMC: 7597534. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.12.062. View

15.

Ndou S, Kiarie E, Ames N, Nyachoti C . Flaxseed meal and oat hulls supplementation: impact on dietary fiber digestibility, and flows of fatty acids and bile acids in growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2018; 97(1):291-301. PMC: 6313103. DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky398. View

16.

Slominski B, Meng X, Campbell L, Guenter W, Jones O . The use of enzyme technology for improved energy utilization from full-fat oilseeds. Part II: flaxseed. Poult Sci. 2006; 85(6):1031-7. DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.6.1031. View

17.

Tamasgen N, Urge M, Girma M, Nurfeta A . Effect of dietary replacement of soybean meal with linseed meal on feed intake, growth performance and carcass quality of broilers. Heliyon. 2021; 7(11):e08297. PMC: 8601988. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08297. View

18.

Zajac M, Kiczorowska B, Samolinska W, Klebaniuk R . Inclusion of Camelina, Flax, and Sunflower Seeds in the Diets for Broiler Chickens: Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Growth Performance, Health Status, and Carcass and Meat Quality Traits. Animals (Basel). 2020; 10(2). PMC: 7070380. DOI: 10.3390/ani10020321. View

19.

Fling S, Gregerson D . Peptide and protein molecular weight determination by electrophoresis using a high-molarity tris buffer system without urea. Anal Biochem. 1986; 155(1):83-8. DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90228-9. View

20.

Ndou S, Kiarie E, Nyachoti C . Flaxseed meal and oat hulls supplementation: impact on predicted production and absorption of volatile fatty acids and energy from hindgut fermentation in growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2018; 97(1):302-314. PMC: 6313112. DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky399. View