Genetic Modifications of Developmental Dyslexia and Its Representation Using In Vivo, In Vitro Model

Overview

Journal Glob Med Genet

Publisher Thieme

Date 2024 Feb 28

PMID 38414980

Authors

Zakiyyah M M Zaki

Siti A Ali

Mazira M Ghazali

Faidruz A Jam

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Dyslexia is a genetic and heritable disorder that has yet to discover the treatment of it, especially at the molecular and drug intervention levels. This review provides an overview of the current findings on the environmental and genetic factors involved in developmental dyslexia. The latest techniques used in diagnosing the disease and macromolecular factors findings may contribute to a higher degree of development in detangling the proper management and treatment for dyslexic individuals. Furthermore, this review tried to put together all the models used in the current dyslexia research for references in future studies that include animal models as well as in vitro models and how the previous research has provided consistent data across many years and regions. Thus, we suggest furthering the studies using an organoid model based on the existing gene polymorphism, pathways, and neuronal function input.

References

Gonda Y, Namba T, Hanashima C . Beyond Axon Guidance: Roles of Slit-Robo Signaling in Neocortical Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 8:607415. PMC: 7785817. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607415. View

Paniagua S, Cakir B, Hu Y, Kiral F, Tanaka Y, Xiang Y . Dyslexia associated gene regulates cell cycle during human neuroepithelial cell development. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022; 10:967147. PMC: 9395643. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.967147. View

Krafnick A, Lynn Flowers D, Luetje M, Napoliello E, Eden G . An investigation into the origin of anatomical differences in dyslexia. J Neurosci. 2014; 34(3):901-8. PMC: 3891966. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2092-13.2013. View

Doust C, Fontanillas P, Eising E, Gordon S, Wang Z, Alagoz G . Discovery of 42 genome-wide significant loci associated with dyslexia. Nat Genet. 2022; 54(11):1621-1629. PMC: 9649434. DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01192-y. View

Darki F, Peyrard-Janvid M, Matsson H, Kere J, Klingberg T . Three dyslexia susceptibility genes, DYX1C1, DCDC2, and KIAA0319, affect temporo-parietal white matter structure. Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 72(8):671-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.05.008. View

Guidi L, Mattley J, Martinez-Garay I, Monaco A, Linden J, Velayos-Baeza A . Knockout Mice for Dyslexia Susceptibility Gene Homologs KIAA0319 and KIAA0319L have Unaffected Neuronal Migration but Display Abnormal Auditory Processing. Cereb Cortex. 2017; 27(12):5831-5845. PMC: 5939205. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx269. View

Sun X, Song S, Liang X, Xie Y, Zhao C, Zhang Y . ROBO1 polymorphisms, callosal connectivity, and reading skills. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017; 38(5):2616-2626. PMC: 6866921. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23546. View

Schumacher J, Hoffmann P, Schmal C, Schulte-Korne G, Nothen M . Genetics of dyslexia: the evolving landscape. J Med Genet. 2007; 44(5):289-97. PMC: 2597981. DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.046516. View

McGrath L, Smith S, Pennington B . Breakthroughs in the search for dyslexia candidate genes. Trends Mol Med. 2006; 12(7):333-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.05.007. View

10.

Gabel L, Marin I, LoTurco J, Che A, Murphy C, Manglani M . Mutation of the dyslexia-associated gene Dcdc2 impairs LTM and visuo-spatial performance in mice. Genes Brain Behav. 2011; 10(8):868-75. PMC: 3212622. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2011.00727.x. View

11.

Gostic M, Martinelli A, Tucker C, Yang Z, Gasparoli F, Ewart J . The dyslexia susceptibility KIAA0319 gene shows a specific expression pattern during zebrafish development supporting a role beyond neuronal migration. J Comp Neurol. 2019; 527(16):2634-2643. PMC: 6767054. DOI: 10.1002/cne.24696. View

12.

Raschle N, Chang M, Gaab N . Structural brain alterations associated with dyslexia predate reading onset. Neuroimage. 2010; 57(3):742-9. PMC: 3499031. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.055. View

13.

Lubs H, Rabin M, Feldman E, Jallad B, Kushch A, Gross-Glenn K . Familial dyslexia: genetic and medical findings in eleven three-generation families. Ann Dyslexia. 2013; 43(1):44-60. DOI: 10.1007/BF02928173. View

14.

Schmitz J, Kumsta R, Moser D, Gunturkun O, Ocklenburg S . KIAA0319 promoter DNA methylation predicts dichotic listening performance in forced-attention conditions. Behav Brain Res. 2017; 337:1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.035. View

15.

Diaz R, Kronenberg N, Martinelli A, Liehm P, Riches A, Gather M . KIAA0319 influences cilia length, cell migration and mechanical cell-substrate interaction. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):722. PMC: 8760330. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04539-3. View

16.

Yu X, Ferradal S, Dunstan J, Carruthers C, Sanfilippo J, Zuk J . Patterns of Neural Functional Connectivity in Infants at Familial Risk of Developmental Dyslexia. JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5(10):e2236102. PMC: 9614583. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36102. View

17.

Paracchini S, Ang Q, Stanley F, Monaco A, Pennell C, Whitehouse A . Analysis of dyslexia candidate genes in the Raine cohort representing the general Australian population. Genes Brain Behav. 2010; 10(2):158-65. PMC: 3084500. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00651.x. View

18.

Wang L, Owusu-Hammond C, Sievert D, Gleeson J . Stem Cell-Based Organoid Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2023; 93(7):622-631. PMC: 10022535. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.012. View

19.

Perrino P, Chasse R, Monaco A, Molnar Z, Velayos-Baeza A, Holly Fitch R . Rapid auditory processing and medial geniculate nucleus anomalies in Kiaa0319 knockout mice. Genes Brain Behav. 2022; 21(6):e12808. PMC: 9744489. DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12808. View

20.

Olson R . Dyslexia: nature and nurture. Dyslexia. 2002; 8(3):143-59. DOI: 10.1002/dys.228. View