Contribution of to Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Synthesis at the Transcriptional Regulation Level in Common Carp,

Overview

Journal Animals (Basel)

Date 2024 Feb 24

PMID 38396511

Authors

Hanyuan Zhang

Peizhen Li

Youxiu Zhu

Yanliang Jiang

Jianxin Feng

Zixia Zhao

Jian Xu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential nutrient for humans and plays a critical role in human development and health. Freshwater fish, such as the common carp (), have a certain degree of DHA biosynthesis ability and could be a supplemental source of human DHA needs. The elongase of very-long-chain fatty acid 5 (Elovl5) is an important enzyme affecting polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of the gene related to DHA synthesis in freshwater fish is not clear yet. Previous studies have found that there are two copies of the gene, and which have different functions. Our research group found significant DHA content differences among individuals in Yellow River carp ( var.), and four candidate genes were found to be related to DHA synthesis through screening. In this study, the expression level of is decreased in the high-DHA group compared to the low-DHA group, which indicated the down-regulation of in the DHA synthesis pathways of Yellow River carp. In addition, using a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, we found that by targeting the 3'UTR region of , miR-26a-5p could regulate DHA synthesis in common carp. After CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of , the DHA content in the disrupted group was significantly higher than in the wildtype group; meanwhile, the expression level of in the disrupted group was significantly reduced compared with the wildtype group. These results suggest that may be down-regulating DHA synthesis in Yellow River carp. This study could provide useful information for future research on the genes and pathways that affect DHA synthesis.

Citing Articles

The Effects of Acute Temperature Changes on Transcriptomic Responses in the Liver of Leopard Coral Groupers ().

Guo Y, Jin C, Wei C, Zhong K, Gao Y, Li P Antioxidants (Basel). 2025; 14(2).

PMID: 40002409 PMC: 11851849. DOI: 10.3390/antiox14020223.

References

Agaba M, Tocher D, Zheng X, Dickson C, Dick J, Teale A . Cloning and functional characterisation of polyunsaturated fatty acid elongases of marine and freshwater teleost fish. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2005; 142(3):342-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.08.005. View

SanGiovanni J, Chew E . The role of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in health and disease of the retina. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2004; 24(1):87-138. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2004.06.002. View

Lei C, Li M, Tian J, Wen J, Li Y . Transcriptome analysis of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) liver indicates a potential regulatory target involved in HUFA uptake and deposition. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2019; 33:100633. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100633. View

Van Dael P . Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: review of recent studies and recommendations. Nutr Res Pract. 2021; 15(2):137-159. PMC: 8007408. DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.137. View

Liu C, Ye D, Wang H, He M, Sun Y . Elovl2 But Not Elovl5 Is Essential for the Biosynthesis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Zebrafish: Insight from a Comparative Gene Knockout Study. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2020; 22(5):613-619. DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09992-1. View

Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates A, Poos M . Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002; 102(11):1621-30. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90346-9. View

Sun S, Ren T, Li X, Cao X, Gao J . Polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesized by freshwater fish: A new insight to the roles of elovl2 and elovl5 in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020; 532(3):414-419. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.074. View

Kabeya N, Takeuchi Y, Yamamoto Y, Yazawa R, Haga Y, Satoh S . Modification of the n-3 HUFA biosynthetic pathway by transgenesis in a marine teleost, nibe croaker. J Biotechnol. 2014; 172:46-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.12.004. View

Li S, Monroig O, Wang T, Yuan Y, Navarro J, Hontoria F . Functional characterization and differential nutritional regulation of putative Elovl5 and Elovl4 elongases in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):2303. PMC: 5442133. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02646-8. View

10.

Castro L, Tocher D, Monroig O . Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in chordates: Insights into the evolution of Fads and Elovl gene repertoire. Prog Lipid Res. 2016; 62:25-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.001. View

11.

Du Z, Clouet P, Zheng W, Degrace P, Tian L, Liu Y . Biochemical hepatic alterations and body lipid composition in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed high-fat diets. Br J Nutr. 2006; 95(5):905-15. DOI: 10.1079/bjn20061733. View

12.

Zhao R, Yang C, Wang Y, Xu Z, Li S, Li J . Fads2b Plays a Dominant Role in ∆6/∆5 Desaturation Activities Compared with Fads2a in Common Carp (). Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(13). PMC: 10341921. DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310638. View

13.

Zhang H, Xu P, Jiang Y, Zhao Z, Feng J, Tai R . Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Epigenomic Features Differentiate Genes That Are Relevant for Muscular Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Common Carp. Front Genet. 2019; 10:217. PMC: 6428711. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00217. View

14.

Newberry S, Chung M, Booth M, Maglione M, Tang A, OHanlon C . Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Maternal and Child Health: An Updated Systematic Review. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2018; (224):1-826. DOI: 10.23970/AHRQEPCERTA224. View

15.

Xue X, Feng C, Hixson S, Johnstone K, Anderson D, Parrish C . Characterization of the fatty acyl elongase (elovl) gene family, and hepatic elovl and delta-6 fatty acyl desaturase transcript expression and fatty acid responses to diets containing camelina oil in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2014; 175:9-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.06.005. View

16.

Ren H, Yu J, Xu P, Tang Y . Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Δ6-desaturase and Elovl5 segments and their associations with common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growth traits. Genet Mol Res. 2015; 14(4):12848-54. DOI: 10.4238/2015.October.21.4. View

17.

Ren H, Yu J, Xu P, Tang Y . Influence of dietary fatty acids on muscle fatty acid composition and expression levels of Δ6 desaturase-like and Elovl5-like elongase in common carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2012; 163(2):184-92. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2012.05.016. View

18.

Zhang Y, Xu Z, Wang Q, Li Q, Sun X, Li J . The Promoter SNPs Were Associated with Both the Contents of Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) and the Expressions of PUFA-Related Genes in Common Carp. Biology (Basel). 2023; 12(4). PMC: 10135829. DOI: 10.3390/biology12040524. View

19.

Agaba M, Tocher D, Dickson C, Dick J, Teale A . Zebrafish cDNA encoding multifunctional Fatty Acid elongase involved in production of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2004; 6(3):251-61. DOI: 10.1007/s10126-003-0029-1. View

20.

Marrero M, Monroig O, Navarro J, Ribes-Navarro A, Perez J, Galindo A . Metabolic and molecular evidence for long-chain PUFA biosynthesis capacity in the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2022; 270:111232. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111232. View