Biomarkers and Tourette Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal Front Neurol

Specialty Neurology

Date 2024 Feb 22

PMID 38385037

Authors

Yanlin Jiang

Yuan Li

Xi Chen

Rui Zhai

Yaqi Peng

Ran Tai

Congxiao Zhou

Junhong Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: This research aims to investigate whether peripheral biomarkers might differentiate individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) from those without the condition.

Methods: A broad range of databases was searched through November 2022. This study employed a systematic literature review and subsequent meta-analysis of case-control studies that assessed the aberration of biomarkers of patients with TS and controls.

Results: A total of 81 studies were identified, out of which 60 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Following a meticulous screening procedure to determine the feasibility of incorporating case-control studies into the meta-analysis, 13 comparisons were statistically significant [CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD4+ T cell to CD8+ T cell ratio, NK-cell, anti-streptolysin O antibodies, anti-DNase antibodies, glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), ferritin (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), vitamin D, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Publication bias was found for anti-streptolysin O antibodies. Suggestive associations were evidenced for norsalsolinol (NSAL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B.

Conclusion: In this study, we present empirical evidence substantiating the link between several peripheral biomarkers and the early diagnosis of TS. Larger and more standardized studies are necessary to replicate the observed results, elucidate the specificity of the biomarkers for TS, and evaluate their precision for use in clinical settings.

Citing Articles

Brain Iron Alteration in Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study.

Lin L, Ruan Z, Li Y, Qiu H, Deng C, Qian L Eur J Neurol. 2025; 32(2):e70054.

PMID: 39895224 PMC: 11788536. DOI: 10.1111/ene.70054.

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