Prevalence of Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Hemodialysis Patients in Hodeida City, Yemen

Overview

Journal J Multidiscip Healthc

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Specialty Health Services

Date 2024 Feb 19

PMID 38370607

Authors

Sameer A Alkubati

Khaled M Al-Sayaghi

Basma Salameh

Abdulsalam M Halboup

Waled A M Ahmed

Mohannad J Alkuwaisi

Mohamed A Zoromba

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Depression has a negative impact on the health outcomes of hemodialysis (HD) patients, including decreased quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among HD patients in Hodeida city, Yemen.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 200 HD patients at the Dialysis Center in Hodeida was conducted from February to May 2022. Data on depression were collected using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Association of sociodemographic characteristics of patients with depression were assessed using chi-square, subsequently by multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at -values <0.05.

Results: The response rate was 98% (200/204). Depression was prevalent among 63% of HD patients at the Dialysis Center in Hodeida city. Sex was significantly associated with depression, where female patients were more frequently depressed than males (82.4% vs 56.4%, < 0.001). In addition, employment status and medical insurance were significantly associated with depression, where unemployed patients were more frequently depressed than employed patients (67.6% vs 52.5%, = 0.041) and patients with medical insurance were less frequently depressed than their counterparts (47.1% vs 66.3%, = 0.035).

Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among HD patients in Hodeida city. Female sex, unemployment and lack of medical insurance are predictors of depression among HD patients. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions.

Implications For Practice: Depression is common among HD patients, so that, psychiatric physicians and nurses are increasingly needed in HD centers to implement mental health assessment of patients for depression signs and symptoms to help in early diagnosis and management of depression in order to improve patients' quality of life and preventing negative outcomes.

Citing Articles

Prevalence and determinants of depression and its association with social support among cancer patients: implications for enhancing oncology care.

Alkubati S, Halboup A, Zoromba M, El-Gazar H, Pasay-An E, Salameh B BMC Psychol. 2025; 13(1):232.

PMID: 40069840 PMC: 11900610. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02584-5.

Perceived Health Needs, Social Support, and Depression Among Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Alshammari B, Alrshedy F, Alrasheeday A, Alkubati S, Tlili M, Aouicha W Healthcare (Basel). 2025; 12(24).

PMID: 39765997 PMC: 11727848. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12242570.

Predictors to Poor Quality of Life Among Patients with Heart Failure and Its Correlation with Their Medication Adherence: Finding for Healthcare Improvement and Follow-Up.

Alkubati S, Aleyadah H, Alboliteeh M, Alharbi A, Alsaif B, Alshammari B Patient Prefer Adherence. 2024; 18:2545-2557.

PMID: 39703933 PMC: 11656328. DOI: 10.2147/PPA.S503087.

Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience Between Depression and Quality of Life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients in Baoding City, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Li N Int J Gen Med. 2024; 17:5929-5939.

PMID: 39678678 PMC: 11645905. DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S494069.

Depression in Cardiac Patients Is a Major Cardiovascular Event Risk Factor: A 12-Month Observational Study.

Podolec J, Kleczynski P, Piechocki M, Okarski M, Lizonczyk K, Szkodon K J Clin Med. 2024; 13(22).

PMID: 39598055 PMC: 11594284. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13226911.

References

Girgus J, Yang K, Ferri C . The Gender Difference in Depression: Are Elderly Women at Greater Risk for Depression Than Elderly Men?. Geriatrics (Basel). 2019; 2(4). PMC: 6371140. DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics2040035. View

AlHadi A, Alateeq D, Al-Sharif E, Bawazeer H, Alanazi H, Alshomrani A . An arabic translation, reliability, and validation of Patient Health Questionnaire in a Saudi sample. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2017; 16:32. PMC: 5585978. DOI: 10.1186/s12991-017-0155-1. View

Ma T, Kam-Tao Li P . Depression in dialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton). 2016; 21(8):639-46. DOI: 10.1111/nep.12742. View

Kondo K, Antick J, Ayers C, Kansagara D, Chopra P . Depression Screening Tools for Patients with Kidney Failure: A Systematic Review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020; 15(12):1785-1795. PMC: 7769028. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05540420. View

Chan G, Ng J, Chow K, Kwan B, Kwong V, Pang W . Depression does not predict clinical outcome of Chinese peritoneal Dialysis patients after adjusting for the degree of frailty. BMC Nephrol. 2020; 21(1):329. PMC: 7405374. DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01994-4. View

Sawaya H, Atoui M, Hamadeh A, Zeinoun P, Nahas Z . Adaptation and initial validation of the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) in an Arabic speaking Lebanese psychiatric outpatient sample. Psychiatry Res. 2016; 239:245-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.030. View

Sady H, Al-Mekhlafi H, Mahdy M, Lim Y, Mahmud R, Surin J . Prevalence and associated factors of Schistosomiasis among children in Yemen: implications for an effective control programme. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013; 7(8):e2377. PMC: 3749985. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002377. View

Luyckx V, Tonelli M, Stanifer J . The global burden of kidney disease and the sustainable development goals. Bull World Health Organ. 2018; 96(6):414-422D. PMC: 5996218. DOI: 10.2471/BLT.17.206441. View

Semaan V, Noureddine S, Farhood L . Prevalence of depression and anxiety in end-stage renal disease: A survey of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Appl Nurs Res. 2018; 43:80-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.07.009. View

10.

AlAwwa I, Ibrahim S, Obeid A, Alfraihat N, Al-Hindi R, Jallad S . Comparison of pre- and post-hemodialysis PHQ-9 depression scores in patients with end-stage renal disease: A cross-sectional study. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2020; 56(6):433-445. DOI: 10.1177/0091217420973489. View

11.

Al Waziza R, Sheikh R, Ahmed I, Al-Masbhi G, Dureab F . Analyzing Yemen's health system at the governorate level amid the ongoing conflict: a case of Al Hodeida governorate. Discov Health Syst. 2023; 2(1):15. PMC: 10169293. DOI: 10.1007/s44250-023-00026-w. View

12.

Rancans E, Trapencieris M, Ivanovs R, Vrublevska J . Validity of the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 to screen for depression in nationwide primary care population in Latvia. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018; 17:33. PMC: 6071402. DOI: 10.1186/s12991-018-0203-5. View

13.

Wen C, Cheng T, Tsai M, Chang Y, Chan H, Tsai S . All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study based on 462 293 adults in Taiwan. Lancet. 2008; 371(9631):2173-82. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60952-6. View

14.

Graves B, Hall M, Dias-Karch C, Haischer M, Apter C . Gender differences in perceived stress and coping among college students. PLoS One. 2021; 16(8):e0255634. PMC: 8360537. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255634. View

15.

Molebatsi K, Motlhatlhedi K, Wambua G . The validity and reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for screening depression in primary health care patients in Botswana. BMC Psychiatry. 2020; 20(1):295. PMC: 7291492. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02719-5. View

16.

Al-Ali F, Elshirbeny M, Hamad A, Kaddourah A, Ghonimi T, Ibrahim R . Prevalence of Depression and Sleep Disorders in Patients on Dialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Qatar. Int J Nephrol. 2021; 2021:5533416. PMC: 8175178. DOI: 10.1155/2021/5533416. View

17.

Spitzer R, Kroenke K, Williams J . Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA. 1999; 282(18):1737-44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.282.18.1737. View

18.

Lotrich F . Inflammatory cytokine-associated depression. Brain Res. 2014; 1617:113-25. PMC: 4284141. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.06.032. View

19.

Alsaleh M, Videloup L, Lobbedez T, Lebreuilly J, Morello R, Thuillier Lecouf A . Improved Detection and Evaluation of Depression in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Validity and Reliability of Screening (PHQ-2) and Diagnostic (BDI-FS-Fr) Tests of Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2019; 5(4):228-238. PMC: 6873070. DOI: 10.1159/000497352. View

20.

Rafi M, Mamun M, Hsan K, Hossain M, Gozal D . Psychological Implications of Unemployment Among Bangladesh Civil Service Job Seekers: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry. 2019; 10:578. PMC: 6698720. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00578. View