Marginal Adaptation of Bulk-fill Resin Composites with Different Viscosities in Class II Restorations: a Micro-CT Evaluation

Overview

Journal BMC Oral Health

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2024 Feb 13

PMID 38350901

Authors

Ismail Hakki Baltacioglu

Gulbike Demirel

Burcu Ozturk

Fulya Aydin

Kaan Orhan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marginal adaptation of bulk-fill resin composites with different viscosities (paste-like and flowable) in Class II restorations using micro-CT imaging.

Methods: Forty extracted human molars were used. Mesial and distal Class II box cavities (approximately 3 mm x 3 mm x 4 mm) were prepared for each tooth, with cavity floors located 1 mm below the enamel-cementum junction. Following adhesive application, teeth were restored using eight different groups: Group XB: X-tra Base Bulk-fill Flowable (VOCO), Group XF: X-tra Fill Bulk-fill (VOCO), Group FB: Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior (3 M ESPE), Group FF: Filtek Bulk-fill Flowable (3 M ESPE), Group BB: Beautifil-Bulk (SHOFU), Group BF: Beautifil-Bulk Flowable (SHOFU), and Group CO: "as a control group", Clearfil Majesty Posterior (KURARAY) and Group CF: "as a control group", Clearfil Majesty Flow + Clearfil Majesty Posterior (KURARAY). The restored teeth underwent an aging protocol involving 1000 cycles in a water bath fluctuating between 5 ± 1.0 °C and 55 ± 1.0 °C. Post-aging, teeth were immersed in 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h and then in a film developer solution for 8 h. Microleakage analysis was performed using micro-CT, evaluated with 3D Slicer software. A two-way ANOVA was employed for statistical analysis.

Results: Two-way ANOVA results indicated significant effects of both viscosity (p < 0.0001) and composite type (p < 0.0001) on marginal adaptation. Viscosity analysis (comparing flowable and paste-like) revealed no significant differences in the FB-FF, XB-XF and BB-BF groups but significant differences in the and CO-CF group, with flowable type exhibiting less microleakage than paste-like type.

Conclusions: The study suggests that while the viscosity of bulk-fill composites did not significantly affect marginal adaptation, the brand of bulk-fill composite did influence it.

Citing Articles

Comparison of the 2-year clinical performances of class II restorations using different restorative materials.

Hancer Sarica S, Arslan S, Balkaya H Clin Oral Investig. 2025; 29(2):128.

PMID: 39945899 PMC: 11825547. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-025-06207-6.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Bonding Strength, Marginal Adaptation, and Microleakage of Dental Cements in Prosthodontics: An In Vitro Comparative Study.

Hussain Alhamoudi F, Vyas R, Vaddamannu S, Aldosari L, Alshadidi A, Kaur Aulakh S Cureus. 2024; 16(7):e65534.

PMID: 39188443 PMC: 11346805. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65534.

References

Spencer P, Wang Y . Adhesive phase separation at the dentin interface under wet bonding conditions. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002; 62(3):447-56. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10364. View

Leprince J, Leveque P, Nysten B, Gallez B, Devaux J, Leloup G . New insight into the "depth of cure" of dimethacrylate-based dental composites. Dent Mater. 2012; 28(5):512-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.12.004. View

Celik E, Kumbaraci N, Cal E, Turkun M . Influence of two desensitizer agents on the microleakage of adhesively luted ceramic inlays. Eur J Dent. 2011; 5(1):77-83. PMC: 3019753. View

Leprince J, Palin W, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G . Physico-mechanical characteristics of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014; 42(8):993-1000. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.05.009. View

Shortall A, Palin W, Burtscher P . Refractive index mismatch and monomer reactivity influence composite curing depth. J Dent Res. 2007; 87(1):84-8. DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700115. View

Garcia D, Yaman P, Dennison J, Neiva G . Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of bulk fill flowable composite resins. Oper Dent. 2013; 39(4):441-8. DOI: 10.2341/12-484-L. View

Piola Rizzante F, Duque J, Duarte M, Mondelli R, Mendonca G, Ishikiriama S . Polymerization shrinkage, microhardness and depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites. Dent Mater J. 2019; 38(3):403-410. DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-063. View

Furness A, Tadros M, Looney S, Rueggeberg F . Effect of bulk/incremental fill on internal gap formation of bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014; 42(4):439-49. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.01.005. View

Kleverlaan C, Feilzer A . Polymerization shrinkage and contraction stress of dental resin composites. Dent Mater. 2005; 21(12):1150-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.02.004. View

10.

Zavattini A, Mancini M, Higginson J, Foschi F, Pasquantonio G, Mangani F . Micro-computed tomography evaluation of microleakage of Class II composite restorations: An study. Eur J Dent. 2018; 12(3):369-374. PMC: 6089047. DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_28_18. View

11.

Cal E, Celik E, Turkun M . Microleakage of IPS empress 2 inlay restorations luted with self-adhesive resin cements. Oper Dent. 2012; 37(4):417-24. DOI: 10.2341/10-337-L. View

12.

Senol A, Karabulut Gencer B, Tarcin B, Kahramanoglu E, Yilmaz Atali P . Microleakage and Marginal Integrity of Ormocer/Methacrylate-Based Bulk-Fill Resin Restorations in MOD Cavities: SEM and Stereomicroscopic Evaluation. Polymers (Basel). 2023; 15(7). PMC: 10096632. DOI: 10.3390/polym15071716. View

13.

Scotti N, Baldi A, Vergano E, Tempesta R, Alovisi M, Pasqualini D . Tridimensional Evaluation of the Interfacial Gap in Deep Cervical Margin Restorations: A Micro-CT Study. Oper Dent. 2020; 45(5):E227-E236. DOI: 10.2341/19-161-L. View

14.

Osiewicz M, Werner A, Roeters F, Kleverlaan C . Wear of bulk-fill resin composites. Dent Mater. 2022; 38(3):549-553. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.138. View

15.

Swapna M, Koshy S, Kumar A, Nanjappa N, Benjamin S, Nainan M . Comparing marginal microleakage of three Bulk Fill composites in Class II cavities using confocal microscope: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent. 2015; 18(5):409-13. PMC: 4578188. DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.164058. View

16.

Szczesio-Wlodarczyk A, Fronczek M, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Grobelny J, Sokolowski J, Bociong K . The First Step in Standardizing an Artificial Aging Protocol for Dental Composites-Evaluation of Basic Protocols. Molecules. 2022; 27(11). PMC: 9182013. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113511. View

17.

Flury S, Hayoz S, Peutzfeldt A, Husler J, Lussi A . Depth of cure of resin composites: is the ISO 4049 method suitable for bulk fill materials?. Dent Mater. 2012; 28(5):521-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.02.002. View

18.

Van Ende A, de Munck J, Lise D, Van Meerbeek B . Bulk-Fill Composites: A Review of the Current Literature. J Adhes Dent. 2017; 19(2):95-109. DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a38141. View

19.

Zhao X, Li S, Gu L, Li Y . Detection of marginal leakage of Class V restorations in vitro by micro-computed tomography. Oper Dent. 2013; 39(2):174-80. DOI: 10.2341/12-182-L. View

20.

Hirata R, Clozza E, Giannini M, Farrokhmanesh E, Janal M, Tovar N . Shrinkage assessment of low shrinkage composites using micro-computed tomography. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2014; 103(4):798-806. DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33258. View