Triggers for the Onset and Recurrence of Psoriasis: a Review and Update

Overview

Journal Cell Commun Signal

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Biochemistry
Cell Biology

Date 2024 Feb 12

PMID 38347543

Authors

Suwen Liu

Mengwen He

Jian Jiang

Xiaoru Duan

Bao Chai

Jingyu Zhang

Qingxiao Tao

Hongxiang Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, involving a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, non-genetic factors are also necessary to trigger the onset and recurrence of psoriasis in genetically predisposed individuals, which include infections, microbiota dysbiosis of the skin and gut, dysregulated lipid metabolism, dysregulated sex hormones, and mental illness. Psoriasis can also be induced by other environmental triggers, such as skin trauma, unhealthy lifestyles, and medications. Understanding how these triggers play a role in the onset and recurrence of psoriasis provides insights into psoriasis pathogenesis, as well as better clinical administration. In this review, we summarize the triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis and update the current evidence on the underlying mechanism of how these factors elicit the disease. Video Abstract.

Citing Articles

Influence of rs2280883 and rs3761548 Variants on IL-10 and TGF-β1 Serum Levels and Plaque Psoriasis Risk in the Mexican Population.

Hernandez-Bello J, Preciado-Aguiar M, Munoz-Valle J, Banos-Hernandez C, Garcia-Arellano S, Alvarado-Navarro A Int J Mol Sci. 2025; 26(5).

PMID: 40076417 PMC: 11898888. DOI: 10.3390/ijms26051789.

Psoriasis Treatments: Emerging Roles and Future Prospects of MicroRNAs.

Teo L, Juantuah-Kusi N, Subramanian G, Sampath P Noncoding RNA. 2025; 11(1).

PMID: 39997616 PMC: 11858470. DOI: 10.3390/ncrna11010016.

Breakthrough Psoriasis in Patients Receiving Biologicals.

Damsin T, Absil G, Libon F, Tassoudji N, Nikkels A Psoriasis (Auckl). 2025; 15():1-8.

PMID: 39781106 PMC: 11705962. DOI: 10.2147/PTT.S502382.

Advanced whole transcriptome sequencing and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation of human keratinocytes.

Wu L, Tsai S, Ho T, Chen H, Chiu Y, Peng Y Biomedicine (Taipei). 2025; 14(4):36-50.

PMID: 39777115 PMC: 11703395. DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1468.

MiR-128-3p promotes hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and psoriasis-like inflammation by targeting SIRT1/HIF-1α.

You J, Wang Z, Jia X Arch Dermatol Res. 2025; 317(1):165.

PMID: 39755881 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03669-8.

References

Shou Y, Yang L, Yang Y, Xu J . Inhibition of keratinocyte ferroptosis suppresses psoriatic inflammation. Cell Death Dis. 2021; 12(11):1009. PMC: 8551323. DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04284-5. View

Zhang Y, Li Q, Rao E, Sun Y, Grossmann M, Morris R . Epidermal Fatty Acid binding protein promotes skin inflammation induced by high-fat diet. Immunity. 2015; 42(5):953-964. PMC: 4440244. DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.04.016. View

Fry L, Baker B, Powles A, Fahlen A, Engstrand L . Is chronic plaque psoriasis triggered by microbiota in the skin?. Br J Dermatol. 2013; 169(1):47-52. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12322. View

Potgieter M, Bester J, Kell D, Pretorius E . The dormant blood microbiome in chronic, inflammatory diseases. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2015; 39(4):567-91. PMC: 4487407. DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv013. View

Taylor C, Burns D, Wiselka M . Extensive psoriasis induced by interferon alfa treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Postgrad Med J. 2000; 76(896):365-7. PMC: 1741616. DOI: 10.1136/pmj.76.896.365. View

McCombe P, Greer J, Mackay I . Sexual dimorphism in autoimmune disease. Curr Mol Med. 2009; 9(9):1058-79. DOI: 10.2174/156652409789839116. View

Adachi A, Honda T . Regulatory Roles of Estrogens in Psoriasis. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(16). PMC: 9409683. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164890. View

Pan Y, Tian T, Park C, Lofftus S, Mei S, Liu X . Survival of tissue-resident memory T cells requires exogenous lipid uptake and metabolism. Nature. 2017; 543(7644):252-256. PMC: 5509051. DOI: 10.1038/nature21379. View

Hirotsu C, Rydlewski M, Araujo M, Tufik S, Andersen M . Sleep loss and cytokines levels in an experimental model of psoriasis. PLoS One. 2012; 7(11):e51183. PMC: 3511390. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051183. View

10.

Ockenfels H, Wagner S, Funk R, Nussbaum G, Goos M . Lithium and psoriasis: cytokine modulation of cultured lymphocytes and psoriatic keratinocytes by lithium. Arch Dermatol Res. 1996; 288(4):173-8. DOI: 10.1007/BF02505220. View

11.

Leung D, Walsh P, Giorno R, Norris D . A potential role for superantigens in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol. 1993; 100(3):225-8. DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12468941. View

12.

Dai Y, Tai Y, Chang Y, Chen T, Chen M . Association between major depressive disorder and subsequent autoimmune skin diseases: A nationwide population-based cohort study. J Affect Disord. 2020; 274:334-338. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.070. View

13.

Chiu H, Hui R, Tsai T, Chen Y, Chang Liao N, Chen P . Predictors of time to relapse following ustekinumab withdrawal in patients with psoriasis who had responded to therapy: An 8-year multicenter study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019; 88(1):71-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.01.035. View

14.

Alekseyenko A, Perez-Perez G, De Souza A, Strober B, Gao Z, Bihan M . Community differentiation of the cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis. Microbiome. 2014; 1(1):31. PMC: 4177411. DOI: 10.1186/2049-2618-1-31. View

15.

Basil M, Levy B . Specialized pro-resolving mediators: endogenous regulators of infection and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015; 16(1):51-67. PMC: 5242505. DOI: 10.1038/nri.2015.4. View

16.

Gill R, Mohammed F, Badyal R, Coates L, Erskine P, Thompson D . High-resolution structure of myo-inositol monophosphatase, the putative target of lithium therapy. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2005; 61(Pt 5):545-55. DOI: 10.1107/S0907444905004038. View

17.

Han J, Park J, Han K, Park J, Kim M, Lee J . Smoking and Periodontitis Can Play a Synergistic Role in the Development of Psoriasis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Dermatology. 2021; 238(3):554-561. PMC: 9153364. DOI: 10.1159/000518296. View

18.

Zachary C, Fackler N, Juhasz M, Pham C, Atanaskova Mesinkovska N . Catamenial dermatoses associated with autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic diseases: A systematic review. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2020; 5(5):361-367. PMC: 6938828. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.09.008. View

19.

Weitz M, Kiessling C, Friedrich M, Prosch S, Hoflich C, Kern F . Persistent CMV infection correlates with disease activity and dominates the phenotype of peripheral CD8+ T cells in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol. 2011; 20(7):561-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01250.x. View

20.

Sticherling M . Psoriasis and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2016; 15(12):1167-1170. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.004. View