Advances in the Understanding of CircRNAs That Influence Viral Replication in Host Cells

Overview

Journal Med Microbiol Immunol

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2024 Feb 8

PMID 38329596

Authors

Siya Wang

Xiaoyun Li

Geng Liu

Zhenyu Qiu

Jiamin Wang

Di Yang

Zilin Qiao

Zhongren Ma

Zhenbin Liu

Xiaoming Yang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs discovered in recent years, which are produced by back-splicing involving the 3' and 5' ends of RNA molecules. There is increasing evidence that circRNAs have important roles in cancer, neurological diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and other diseases. In addition, host circRNAs and virus-encoded circRNAs participate in the body's immune response, with antiviral roles. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which host and viral circRNAs interact during the host immune response. Comprehensive investigations have revealed that host circRNAs function as miRNA sponges in a particular manner, primarily by inhibiting viral replication. Viral circRNAs have more diverse functions, which generally involve promoting viral replication. In addition, in contrast to circRNAs from RNA viruses, circRNAs from DNA viruses can influence host cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, along with their effects on viral replication. In summary, circRNAs have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets, offering a foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases.

Citing Articles

Circular RNA Vav3 mediated ALV-J inhibition of autophagy by modulating the gga-miR-375/CIP2A axis and activating AKT.

Chen L, Xu H, Liu R, Yao Z, Xie Q, Zhang X Poult Sci. 2025; 104(4):104923.

PMID: 39987600 PMC: 11904538. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.104923.

References

Zhu Y, Deng J, Nan M, Zhang J, Okekunle A, Li J . The Interplay Between Pattern Recognition Receptors and Autophagy in Inflammation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019; 1209:79-108. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0606-2_6. View

Carty M, Guy C, Bowie A . Detection of Viral Infections by Innate Immunity. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020; 183:114316. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114316. View

Qiu L, Wang T, Tang Q, Li G, Wu P, Chen K . Long Non-coding RNAs: Regulators of Viral Infection and the Interferon Antiviral Response. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9:1621. PMC: 6060254. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01621. View

Meng X, Luo Y, Anwar M, Sun Y, Gao Y, Zhang H . Long Non-Coding RNAs: Emerging and Versatile Regulators in Host-Virus Interactions. Front Immunol. 2017; 8:1663. PMC: 5712331. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01663. View

Mohapatra S, Pioppini C, Ozpolat B, Calin G . Non-coding RNAs regulation of macrophage polarization in cancer. Mol Cancer. 2021; 20(1):24. PMC: 7849140. DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01313-x. View

Min J, Cao Y, Liu H, Liu D, Liu W, Li J . RNA Sequencing Demonstrates That Circular RNA Regulates Avian Influenza Virus Replication in Human Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(17). PMC: 9456167. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179901. View

Suzuki H, Zuo Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Malhotra A, Mayeda A . Characterization of RNase R-digested cellular RNA source that consists of lariat and circular RNAs from pre-mRNA splicing. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006; 34(8):e63. PMC: 1458517. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl151. View

Zhang Z, Yang T, Xiao J . Circular RNAs: Promising Biomarkers for Human Diseases. EBioMedicine. 2018; 34:267-274. PMC: 6116471. DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.036. View

Patop I, Wust S, Kadener S . Past, present, and future of circRNAs. EMBO J. 2019; 38(16):e100836. PMC: 6694216. DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100836. View

10.

Hansen T, Jensen T, Clausen B, Bramsen J, Finsen B, Damgaard C . Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. Nature. 2013; 495(7441):384-8. DOI: 10.1038/nature11993. View

11.

Ashwal-Fluss R, Meyer M, Pamudurti N, Ivanov A, Bartok O, Hanan M . circRNA biogenesis competes with pre-mRNA splicing. Mol Cell. 2014; 56(1):55-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.019. View

12.

Lou Y, Wang Q, Lu Y, Tu M, Xu X, Xia Y . Differential circRNA expression profiles in latent human cytomegalovirus infection and validation using clinical samples. Physiol Genomics. 2018; 51(2):51-58. DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00096.2018. View

13.

Zhang Y, Wang L, Qiu L, Pan R, Bai H, Jiang Y . Expression patterns of novel circular RNAs in chicken cells after avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection. Gene. 2019; 701:72-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.030. View

14.

Yao W, Pan J, Liu Z, Dong Z, Liang M, Xia S . The Cellular and Viral circRNAome Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. mBio. 2021; 12(6):e0307521. PMC: 8649777. DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03075-21. View

15.

Wang L, You Z, Wang M, Yuan Y, Liu C, Yang N . Genome-wide analysis of circular RNAs involved in Marek's disease tumourigenesis in chickens. RNA Biol. 2020; 17(4):517-527. PMC: 7237138. DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1713538. View

16.

Cadena C, Hur S . Antiviral Immunity and Circular RNA: No End in Sight. Mol Cell. 2017; 67(2):163-164. PMC: 6085925. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.07.005. View

17.

Li X, Liu C, Xue W, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Yin Q . Coordinated circRNA Biogenesis and Function with NF90/NF110 in Viral Infection. Mol Cell. 2017; 67(2):214-227.e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.05.023. View

18.

Qiao Y, Zhao X, Liu J, Yang W . Epstein-Barr virus circRNAome as host miRNA sponge regulates virus infection, cell cycle, and oncogenesis. Bioengineered. 2019; 10(1):593-603. PMC: 6844377. DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1679698. View

19.

Zhang X, Yan Y, Lin W, Li A, Zhang H, Lei X . Circular RNA Vav3 sponges gga-miR-375 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RNA Biol. 2019; 16(1):118-132. PMC: 6380338. DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1564462. View

20.

Shi N, Zhang S, Guo Y, Yu X, Zhao W, Zhang M . CircRNA_0050463 promotes influenza A virus replication by sponging miR-33b-5p to regulate EEF1A1. Vet Microbiol. 2021; 254:108995. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.108995. View