» Articles » PMID: 38300489

Salivary Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antimicrobial Therapy: Feasible or Futile?

Overview
Specialty Pharmacology
Date 2024 Feb 1
PMID 38300489
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

Personalised drug dosing through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important to maximise efficacy and to minimise toxicity. Hurdles preventing broad implementation of TDM in routine care include the need of sophisticated equipment and highly trained staff, high costs and lack of timely results. Salivary TDM is a non-invasive, patient-friendly alternative to blood sampling, which has the potential to overcome barriers with traditional TDM. A mobile UV spectrophotometer may provide a simple solution for analysing drug concentrations in saliva samples. Salivary TDM utilising point-of-care tests can support personalised dosing in various settings including low-resource as well as remote settings. In this opinion paper, we describe how hurdles of implementing traditional TDM may be mitigated by salivary TDM with new strategies for patient-friendly point-of-care testing.

Citing Articles

Saliva-based point-of-care assay to measure the concentration of pyrazinamide using a mobile UV spectrophotometer.

Chen R, Nguyen T, Kim H, Stocker S, Alffenaar J J Antimicrob Chemother. 2024; 80(1):254-261.

PMID: 39508356 PMC: 11695902. DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae404.


Can we Predict Drug Excretion into Saliva? A Systematic Review and Analysis of Physicochemical Properties.

Nguyen T, Chen R, Hawkins B, Hibbs D, Kim H, Wheate N Clin Pharmacokinet. 2024; 63(8):1067-1087.

PMID: 39008243 PMC: 11343830. DOI: 10.1007/s40262-024-01398-9.

References
1.
Baliga S, Muglikar S, Kale R . Salivary pH: A diagnostic biomarker. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013; 17(4):461-5. PMC: 3800408. DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.118317. View

2.
Roberts J, Paul S, Akova M, Bassetti M, De Waele J, Dimopoulos G . DALI: defining antibiotic levels in intensive care unit patients: are current β-lactam antibiotic doses sufficient for critically ill patients?. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 58(8):1072-83. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu027. View

3.
Jusko W, Milsap R . Pharmacokinetic principles of drug distribution in saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993; 694:36-47. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18340.x. View

4.
Pappas P, Kauffman C, Andes D, Clancy C, Marr K, Ostrosky-Zeichner L . Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2015; 62(4):e1-50. PMC: 4725385. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ933. View

5.
Bolhuis M, van Altena R, van Hateren K, de Lange W, Greijdanus B, Uges D . Clinical validation of the analysis of linezolid and clarithromycin in oral fluid of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57(8):3676-80. PMC: 3719718. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00558-13. View