COVID -19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Determinants in Ethiopia: A National Pilot Survey

Introduction: Despite major advances in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine development, vaccine hesitancy threatens the progress made to curb the disease. We aimed to assess the level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the underlying determinants in Ethiopia.

Methods: A pilot mobile phone survey of adults in Ethiopia with mobile phones selected randomly.

Results: The pilot survey included 614 participants who were predominantly male (71.7%), and married (68.2%) with a median age of 34 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 14.0). Overall, 150 (24.4%) participants reported to have been vaccinated; either the first [57 (38%)], second [19 (12.7%)], or both [74 (49.3%)] doses. About one in six participants (16.3%; n=100) reported vaccine hesitancy, with a significant difference by employment status, with self-employed more likely to show hesitancy [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.85, 95% CI (1.05-3.27)], and region. Major drivers of hesitancy were lack of interest [n=30 (30%)], fear of side-effects [n=24 (24%)], and lack of trust in the vaccine [n=13 (13%)]. Having chronic disease conditions in the family had no association with hesitancy (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: While representativeness of the sample is an issue, the findings show a relatively low rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Ethiopian population. The major drivers of hesitancy, lack of interest, fear of side-effects, and lack of trust in the vaccine, may be reversed by disseminating accurate and timely information using credible sources across communities.