Comparison of the Efficacy of Fish Oil and Probiotic Supplementation on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal Diabetol Metab Syndr

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2024 Jan 23

PMID 38254166

Authors

Mei Zhang

Fan Yang

Qiu Feng

Yanghong Ou

Jiaxing Zhang

Haiyan Wan

Hongyi Cao

Peng Ning

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism contribute to the progression and exacerbation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Fish oil and probiotics are dietary supplements that have the potential to improve glucose and lipid metabolism. However, their efficacy remains unclear in T2DM patients.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of fish oil or probiotic supplementation in T2DM patients from the database inception to December 13, 2023. Primary outcome indicators encompassed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and blood lipid profile (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Secondary outcome indicators included inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and adipocytokine (including leptin and adiponectin). The R software was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism was used for figure rendering.

Results: A total of 60 RCTs involving 3845 T2DM patients were included in the analysis. The results showed that the probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium, etc.) were more effective in reducing HOMA-IR than fish oil (Surca = 0.935). Bifidobacterium demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing HbA1c levels (Surca = 0.963). Regarding lipid metabolism, fish oil was superior to probiotics in lowering TG and TC levels (Surca values of 0.978 and 0.902, respectively). Furthermore, fish oil outperformed probiotics in reducing TNF-α (Surca = 0.839) and leptin (Surca = 0.712), and increasing adiponectin levels (Surca = 0.742). Node-splitting analysis showed good consistency (P > 0.05 for direct, indirect, and network comparison across various interventions).

Conclusions: In T2DM patients, fish oil was more effective than probiotics in regulating lipid metabolism. Probiotics outperformed fish oil in regulating glucose metabolism particularly; specifically, Bifidobacterium showed higher efficacy in reducing blood glucose.

Citing Articles

The Role of Adipose Tissue and Nutrition in the Regulation of Adiponectin.

Baldelli S, Aiello G, Mansilla Di Martino E, Campaci D, Muthanna F, Lombardo M Nutrients. 2024; 16(15).

PMID: 39125318 PMC: 11313710. DOI: 10.3390/nu16152436.

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