IL-6 and TNF Are Potential Inflammatory Biomarkers in Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy

Overview

Journal J Neuromuscul Dis

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Neurology

Date 2024 Jan 22

PMID 38250782

Authors

Anna Greco

Karlien Mul

Martin H Jaeger

Jessica C Dos Santos

Hans Koenen

Leon de Jong

Ritse Mann

Jurgen Futterer

Mihai G Netea

Ger J M Pruijn

Baziel G M van Engelen

Leo A B Joosten

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: FSHD is a highly prevalent inherited myopathy with a still poorly understood pathology.

Objective: To investigate whether proinflammatory cytokines are associated with FSHD and which specific innate immune cells are involved in its pathology.

Methods: First, we measured circulating cytokines in serum samples: IL-6 (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 98); TNF (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 59); IL-1α (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 66); IL-1β (FSHD, n = 150; HC, n = 98); MCP-1 (FSHD, n = 14; HC, n = 14); VEGF-A (FSHD, n = 14; HC, n = 14). Second, we tested trained immunity in monocytes (FSHD, n = 15; HC, n = 15) and NK cells (FSHD, n = 11; HC, n = 11). Next, we explored the cytokine production capacity of NK cells in response to different stimuli (FSHD, n = 39; HC, n = 22). Lastly, we evaluated the cytokine production of ex vivo stimulated MRI guided inflamed (TIRM+) and paired MRI guided non inflamed (TIRM-) muscle biopsies of 21 patients and of 8 HC muscle biopsies.

Results: We included a total of 190 FSHD patients (N = 190, 48±14 years, 49% men) and of 135 HC (N = 135, 44±15 years, 47% men). We found that FSHD patients had higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF measured (a) in the circulation, (b) after ex-vivo stimulation of NK cells, and (c) in muscle specimens. Besides, IL-6 circulating concentrations, as well as its production by NK cells and IL-6 content of FSHD muscle specimens, showed a mild correlation with disease duration, disease severity, and muscle weakness.

Conclusion: These results show that IL-6 and TNF may contribute to FSHD pathology and suggest novel therapeutic targets. Additionally, the activation of NK cells in FSHD may be a novel pathway contributing to FSHD pathology.

Citing Articles

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