Bioprospection of the Antarctic Diatoms IMA082A and IMA088A

Overview

Journal Mar Drugs

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biology
Pharmacology

Date 2024 Jan 22

PMID 38248660

Authors

Riccardo Trentin

Emanuela Moschin

Luisa Custodio

Isabella Moro

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In extreme environments such as Antarctica, a diverse range of organisms, including diatoms, serve as essential reservoirs of distinctive bioactive compounds with significant implications in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnological fields. This is the case of the new species IMA082A and IMA088A Trentin, Moschin, Lopes, Custódio and Moro (Bacillariophyta) that are here explored for the first time for possible biotechnological applications. For this purpose, a bioprospection approach was applied by preparing organic extracts (acetone and methanol) from freeze-dried biomass followed by the evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibitory activities on enzymes related with Alzheimer's disease (acetylcholinesterase: AChE, butyrylcholinesterase: BChE), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, α-glucosidase, α-amylase), obesity (lipase) and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase). Extracts were then profiled by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-MS/MS), while the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles were established by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results highlighted strong copper chelating activity of the acetone extract from and moderate to high inhibitory activities on AChE, BChE, α-amylase and lipase for extracts from both species. The results of the chemical analysis indicated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their derivatives as the possible compounds responsible for the observed activities. The FAME profile showed saturated fatty acids (SFA) as the main group and methyl palmitoleate (C16:1) as the predominant FAME in both species. Overall, our results suggest both Antarctic strains as potential sources of interesting molecules with industrial applications. Further studies aiming to investigate unidentified metabolites and to maximize growth yield and natural compound production are required.

References

Liu X, Ashforth E, Ren B, Song F, Dai H, Liu M . Bioprospecting microbial natural product libraries from the marine environment for drug discovery. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2010; 63(8):415-22. DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.56. View

Plaza M, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Garcia-Blairsy Reina G, Herrero M, Senorans F . Screening for bioactive compounds from algae. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009; 51(2):450-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.03.016. View

Chambers M, MacLean B, Burke R, Amodei D, Ruderman D, Neumann S . A cross-platform toolkit for mass spectrometry and proteomics. Nat Biotechnol. 2012; 30(10):918-20. PMC: 3471674. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2377. View

Collins T, Margesin R . Psychrophilic lifestyles: mechanisms of adaptation and biotechnological tools. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019; 103(7):2857-2871. DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09659-5. View

Lin J, Huang L, Yu J, Xiang S, Wang J, Zhang J . Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, Reverses Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice and Inhibits Acetylcholinesterase in Vitro. Mar Drugs. 2016; 14(4). PMC: 4849071. DOI: 10.3390/md14040067. View

Ellman G, COURTNEY K, ANDRES Jr V, FEATHER-STONE R . A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol. 1961; 7:88-95. DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9. View

Li H, Lu Y, Zheng J, Yang W, Liu J . Biochemical and genetic engineering of diatoms for polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Mar Drugs. 2014; 12(1):153-66. PMC: 3917266. DOI: 10.3390/md12010153. View

Duhrkop K, Nothias L, Fleischauer M, Reher R, Ludwig M, Hoffmann M . Systematic classification of unknown metabolites using high-resolution fragmentation mass spectra. Nat Biotechnol. 2020; 39(4):462-471. DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0740-8. View

Azmi N, Hashim P, Hashim D, Halimoon N, Majid N . Anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibitory activity of earthworm extracts as potential new anti-aging agent. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014; 4(Suppl 1):S348-52. PMC: 4025347. DOI: 10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1166. View

10.

Horai H, Arita M, Kanaya S, Nihei Y, Ikeda T, Suwa K . MassBank: a public repository for sharing mass spectral data for life sciences. J Mass Spectrom. 2010; 45(7):703-14. DOI: 10.1002/jms.1777. View

11.

Hassan M, Raza H, Abbasi M, Moustafa A, Seo S . The exploration of novel Alzheimer's therapeutic agents from the pool of FDA approved medicines using drug repositioning, enzyme inhibition and kinetic mechanism approaches. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 109:2513-2526. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.115. View

12.

Giordano D . Bioactive Molecules from Extreme Environments. Mar Drugs. 2020; 18(12). PMC: 7765018. DOI: 10.3390/md18120640. View

13.

Zolghadri S, Bahrami A, Khan M, Munoz-Munoz J, Garcia-Molina F, Garcia-Canovas F . A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2019; 34(1):279-309. PMC: 6327992. DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1545767. View

14.

Kawee-Ai A, Kuntiya A, Kim S . Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of fucoxanthin purified from the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Nat Prod Commun. 2013; 8(10):1381-6. View

15.

Leporini M, Loizzo M, Tundis R, La Torre C, Fazio A, Plastina P . Non-Pungent -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA)-Derived Capsaicin Analogues as Potential Functional Ingredients with Antioxidant and Carbohydrate-Hydrolysing Enzyme Inhibitory Activities. Antioxidants (Basel). 2019; 8(6). PMC: 6616483. DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060162. View

16.

Sumner L, Amberg A, Barrett D, Beale M, Beger R, Daykin C . Proposed minimum reporting standards for chemical analysis Chemical Analysis Working Group (CAWG) Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI). Metabolomics. 2013; 3(3):211-221. PMC: 3772505. DOI: 10.1007/s11306-007-0082-2. View

17.

Matsumoto M, Hosokawa M, Matsukawa N, Hagio M, Shinoki A, Nishimukai M . Suppressive effects of the marine carotenoids, fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol on triglyceride absorption in lymph duct-cannulated rats. Eur J Nutr. 2009; 49(4):243-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0078-y. View

18.

Lepage G, Roy C . Improved recovery of fatty acid through direct transesterification without prior extraction or purification. J Lipid Res. 1984; 25(12):1391-6. View

19.

Lyon B, Mock T . Polar Microalgae: New Approaches towards Understanding Adaptations to an Extreme and Changing Environment. Biology (Basel). 2014; 3(1):56-80. PMC: 4009763. DOI: 10.3390/biology3010056. View

20.

Kumar S, Narwal S, Kumar V, Prakash O . α-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes. Pharmacogn Rev. 2011; 5(9):19-29. PMC: 3210010. DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.79096. View