Investigation and Characterization of Aliarcobacter Spp. Isolated from Cattle Slaughterhouse in Türkiye

Overview

Journal Int Microbiol

Publisher Springer Nature

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2024 Jan 11

PMID 38206523

Authors

Huseyin Burak Disli

Harun Hizlisoy

Candan Gungor

Mukaddes Barel

Adalet Dishan

Dursun Alp Gundog

Serhat Al

Nurhan Ertas Onmaz

Yeliz Yildirim

Zafer Gonulalan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aliarcobacter spp. have been isolated from numerous food products at retail and from animal carcasses and feces at slaughter. The objectives of this study were as follows: (i) to isolate Aliarcobacter species from different slaughterhouses' samples and (ii) to detect genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance, biofilm ability, and putative virulence gene profiles of the isolates. A molecular investigation of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors was also conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 150 samples, a total of 22 (14.6%) Aliarcobacter spp. isolates were obtained, with varying levels of antibiotic resistance observed. The genes tetO, tetW, and gyrA were detected in 0%, 31.8%, and 27.2% of the isolates, respectively. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, rifampin, and erythromycin, while tetracycline was found to be the most effective antibiotic, with 81.8% of the isolates showing susceptibility to it. All isolates (100%) harbored more than one of the nine putative virulence genes tested, with 18.1% of isolates carrying more than three. Regarding biofilm formation, 7 (31.8%) and 4 (18.1%) isolates were found to form strong and moderate biofilms, respectively, while one (4.5%) isolate was classified as a weak biofilm producer. ERIC-PCR band patterns suggested that the isolated Aliarcobacter spp. from slaughterhouses had different sources of contamination. These findings highlight the potential risk posed by pathogenic and multidrug-resistant Aliarcobacter spp. in food and the need for control measures throughout the food chain to prevent the spread of these strains. The results indicate that foods of animal origin and cattle slaughterhouses are significant sources of antimicrobial resistant Aliarcobacter.

References

Abay S, Kayman T, Hizlisoy H, Aydin F . In vitro antibacterial susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from different sources. J Vet Med Sci. 2011; 74(5):613-6. DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0487. View

Abdelbaqi K, Menard A, Prouzet-Mauleon V, Bringaud F, Lehours P, Megraud F . Nucleotide sequence of the gyrA gene of Arcobacter species and characterization of human ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007; 49(3):337-45. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00208.x. View

Alonso R, Girbau C, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I, Fernandez-Astorga A . Multilocus sequence typing reveals genetic diversity of foodborne Arcobacter butzleri isolates in the North of Spain. Int J Food Microbiol. 2014; 191:125-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.09.012. View

Collado L, Figueras M . Taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical relevance of the genus Arcobacter. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011; 24(1):174-92. PMC: 3021208. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00034-10. View

Collado L, Cleenwerck I, Trappen S, de Vos P, Figueras M . Arcobacter mytili sp. nov., an indoxyl acetate-hydrolysis-negative bacterium isolated from mussels. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009; 59(Pt 6):1391-6. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.003749-0. View

Douidah L, De Zutter L, Bare J, de Vos P, Vandamme P, Vandenberg O . Occurrence of putative virulence genes in arcobacter species isolated from humans and animals. J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 50(3):735-41. PMC: 3295157. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.05872-11. View

Ertas N, Dogruer Y, Gonulalan Z, Guner A, Ulger I . Prevalence of arcobacter species in drinking water, spring water, and raw milk as determined by multiplex PCR. J Food Prot. 2011; 73(11):2099-102. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.11.2099. View

Ferreira S, Fraqueza M, Queiroz J, Domingues F, Oleastro M . Genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from poultry and environment from a Portuguese slaughterhouse. Int J Food Microbiol. 2013; 162(1):82-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.01.003. View

Giacometti F, Lucchi A, Di Francesco A, Delogu M, Grilli E, Guarniero I . Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii Circulation in a Dairy Farm and Sources of Milk Contamination. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015; 81(15):5055-63. PMC: 4495228. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01035-15. View

10.

Girbau C, Guerra C, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I, Alonso R, Fernandez-Astorga A . Prevalence of ten putative virulence genes in the emerging foodborne pathogen Arcobacter isolated from food products. Food Microbiol. 2015; 52:146-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.07.015. View

11.

Girbau C, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I, Muruaga G, Carmona S, Alonso R, Fernandez-Astorga A . Study of Biofilm Formation Ability of Foodborne Arcobacter butzleri under Different Conditions. J Food Prot. 2017; 80(5):758-762. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-505. View

12.

Gungor C, Hizlisoy H, Onmaz N, Gundog D, Barel M, Disli H . Profile of Aliarcobacter spp. from edible giblets: Genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation. Int J Food Microbiol. 2022; 386:110047. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110047. View

13.

Hedayatianfard K, Akhlaghi M, Sharifiyazdi H . Detection of tetracycline resistance genes in bacteria isolated from fish farms using polymerase chain reaction. Vet Res Forum. 2015; 5(4):269-75. PMC: 4299992. View

14.

Houf K, De Zutter L, Van Hoof J, Vandamme P . Assessment of the genetic diversity among arcobacters isolated from poultry products by using two PCR-based typing methods. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002; 68(5):2172-8. PMC: 127564. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.5.2172-2178.2002. View

15.

Houf K, Tutenel A, De Zutter L, van Hoof J, Vandamme P . Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000; 193(1):89-94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09407.x. View

16.

Isidro J, Ferreira S, Pinto M, Domingues F, Oleastro M, Gomes J . Virulence and antibiotic resistance plasticity of Arcobacter butzleri: Insights on the genomic diversity of an emerging human pathogen. Infect Genet Evol. 2020; 80:104213. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104213. View

17.

Jasim S, Al-Abodi H, Ali W . Resistance rate and novel virulence factor determinants of Arcobacter spp., from cattle fresh meat products from Iraq. Microb Pathog. 2020; 152:104649. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104649. View

18.

Kabeya H, Maruyama S, Morita Y, Ohsuga T, Ozawa S, Kobayashi Y . Prevalence of Arcobacter species in retail meats and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in Japan. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004; 90(3):303-8. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(03)00322-2. View

19.

Kim N, Park S, Kim H, Cho T, Kim S, Choi C . Prevalence of pathogenic Arcobacter species in South Korea: Comparison of two protocols for isolating the bacteria from foods and examination of nine putative virulence genes. Food Microbiol. 2018; 78:18-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.09.008. View

20.

Laishram M, Rathlavath S, Lekshmi M, Kumar S, Nayak B . Isolation and characterization of Arcobacter spp. from fresh seafood and the aquatic environment. Int J Food Microbiol. 2016; 232:87-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.05.018. View