Chronic Abdominal Aortic Occlusive Disease Related to Antiphospholipid Syndrome: a Rare Presentation

Overview

Journal RMD Open

Publisher BMJ Publishing Group

Specialty Rheumatology

Date 2024 Jan 4

PMID 38176738

Authors

Hui Jiang

Yu Shi

Wei Liu

Bao Liu

Yue-Xin Chen

Yangzhong Zhou

Can Huang

Qian Wang

Xinping Tian

Yan Zhao

Mengtao Li

Xiaofeng Zeng

Jiuliang Zhao

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: Chronic abdominal aortic occlusive disease (CAAOD) is an uncommon manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), impacting cardiovascular health and peripheral arterial circulation. We investigated CAAOD in antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL)-positive patients, aimed to offer comprehensive clinical and radiological insights.

Methods: aPL-positive patients with arterial thrombotic events were categorised into CAAOD and non-CAAOD. Extensive data, including clinical features, radiological images and outcomes, were analysed.

Results: This case-control study involved 114 patients who experienced arterial events from 2013 to 2021, revealing 12 patients with abdominal aortic stenosis or occlusion. The CAAOD group, predominantly young (36.67±11.83) males (75.00%), exhibited significantly higher rates of critical smoking habits (66.67% vs 25.49%, p=) and hyperhomocysteinaemia (66.67% vs 31.37%, p=). Radiological findings showed long-segment infrarenal aorta stenosis in CAAOD, occasionally involving renal and common iliac arteries. The lesions presented varying degrees of stenosis, including smooth lumen narrow and total vascular occlusion. Treatment modalities typically involved interventions or surgery, complementing anticoagulation therapy.

Conclusion: The study shed light on the rare occurrence of CAAOD in APS, highlighting the roles of smoking and hyperhomocysteinaemia as notable risk factors. These findings emphasised the significance of early diagnosis and management of CAAOD.

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