Oral Health Status of Outpatients with Schizophrenia in Ankara, Türkiye: A Descriptive Study

Overview

Journal Turk Psikiyatri Derg

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2024 Jan 4

PMID 38173327

Authors

Emel Karaman

Ayse Ruya Yazici

Bahar Guciz Dogan

Saadet Gokalp

Nurhayat Eni

Sengul Etci

M Kazim Yazici

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the oral health status and denture treatment needs of a group of outpatients with schizophrenia.

Methods: One hundred and eighty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking status, oral hygiene attitudes, medical status, medications and the data related to dental visit were obtained via structured questionnaire of 45 questions. Medication information were confirmed from hospital records. The DMFT score (the Total of decayed, missing and filled teeth), denture status, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) and attachment loss were recorded in accordance with the criteria defined by the WHO.

Results: The mean DMFT score was 11.1±8.6. Total number of teeth decreased, while the number of decayed teeth and DMFT scores increased with age (p<0.001). There was no relationship between the anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics and the teeth count, number of decayed, filled and missing teeth, and the DMFT scores. The CPITN assessment revealed that 71.6% of the patients had healthy periodontium, 7.4% exhibited gingival bleeding upon probing, and 21% had dental calculus. Psychotropic medication and tooth brushing habits were associated with CPITN scores. Male sex was associated with higher frequency of denture need (p<0.001), while no association was observed with the education level and antipsychotic use (p>0.001).

Conclusion: Physicians and dentists have to work in coordination to maintain good oral health of patients with schizophrenia. Patients should be encouraged for regular dental check-ups and dentist should take utmost care of the oral hygiene maintenance.

References

Fahim A, Mahmood R, Haider I, Luqman M, Ikhlaq I, Mahmood T . Association between clinical oral health status and perceived oral health in different age groups. PeerJ. 2022; 10:e14152. PMC: 9536301. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14152. View

Agarwal D, Kumar A, B C M, Kumar V, Sethi S . Oral health perception and plight of patients of schizophrenia. Int J Dent Hyg. 2020; 19(1):121-126. DOI: 10.1111/idh.12467. View

Hughes F, McNab R . Oral malodour--a review. Arch Oral Biol. 2008; 53 Suppl 1:S1-7. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9969(08)70002-5. View

. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392(10159):1789-1858. PMC: 6227754. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7. View

Ngo D, Thomson W, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Ang K . The oral health of long-term psychiatric inpatients in Singapore. Psychiatry Res. 2018; 266:206-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.048. View

Thomas A, Lavrentzou E, Karouzos C, Kontis C . Factors which influence the oral condition of chronic schizophrenia patients. Spec Care Dentist. 1996; 16(2):84-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1996.tb00839.x. View

Tani H, Uchida H, Suzuki T, Shibuya Y, Shimanuki H, Watanabe K . Dental conditions in inpatients with schizophrenia: a large-scale multi-site survey. BMC Oral Health. 2012; 12:32. PMC: 3466126. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-12-32. View

Kisely S . No Mental Health without Oral Health. Can J Psychiatry. 2016; 61(5):277-82. PMC: 4841282. DOI: 10.1177/0706743716632523. View

Kenny A, Dickson-Swift V, Gussy M, Kidd S, Cox D, Masood M . Oral health interventions for people living with mental disorders: protocol for a realist systematic review. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2020; 14:24. PMC: 7092453. DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00357-8. View

10.

Setia S, Pannu P, Gambhir R, Galhotra V, Ahluwalia P, Sofat A . Correlation of oral hygiene practices, smoking and oral health conditions with self perceived halitosis amongst undergraduate dental students. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2014; 5(1):67-72. PMC: 3961956. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.127291. View

11.

Glick M, Williams D, Kleinman D, Vujicic M, Watt R, Weyant R . A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI World Dental Federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health. J Am Dent Assoc. 2016; 147(12):915-917. DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2016.10.001. View

12.

Torres L, Tellez M, Hilgert J, Hugo F, Sousa M, Ismail A . Frailty, Frailty Components, and Oral Health: A Systematic Review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015; 63(12):2555-2562. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13826. View

13.

Filik R, Sipos A, Kehoe P, Burns T, Cooper S, Stevens H . The cardiovascular and respiratory health of people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006; 113(4):298-305. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00768.x. View

14.

Gokalp S, Dogan B, Tekcicek M, Berberoglu A, Unluer S . National survey of oral health status of children and adults in Turkey. Community Dent Health. 2010; 27(1):12-7. View

15.

Lalloo R, Kisely S, Amarasinghe H, Perera R, Johnson N . Oral health of patients on psychotropic medications: a study of outpatients in Queensland. Australas Psychiatry. 2013; 21(4):338-42. DOI: 10.1177/1039856213486308. View

16.

Wey M, Loh S, Doss J, Abu Bakar A, Kisely S . The oral health of people with chronic schizophrenia: A neglected public health burden. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015; 50(7):685-94. DOI: 10.1177/0004867415615947. View

17.

Cabanillas-Balsera D, Martin-Gonzalez J, Montero-Miralles P, Sanchez-Dominguez B, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Segura-Egea J . Association between diabetes and nonretention of root filled teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J. 2018; 52(3):297-306. DOI: 10.1111/iej.13011. View

18.

Arnaiz A, Zumarraga M, Diez-Altuna I, Uriarte J, Moro J, Perez-Ansorena M . Oral health and the symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2010; 188(1):24-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.012. View

19.

Joury E, Kisely S, Watt R, Ahmed N, Morris A, Fortune F . Mental Disorders and Oral Diseases: Future Research Directions. J Dent Res. 2022; 102(1):5-12. DOI: 10.1177/00220345221120510. View

20.

Gerritsen A, Allen P, Witter D, Bronkhorst E, Creugers N . Tooth loss and oral health-related quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010; 8:126. PMC: 2992503. DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-8-126. View