The Effect of β-Blocker Eye Drops on Pulse Rate, Ocular Blood Flow, and Glaucoma Progression: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study

Overview

Journal Adv Ther

Date 2024 Jan 3

PMID 38169060

Authors

Naoki Kiyota

Yukihiro Shiga

Takahiro Ninomiya

Satoru Tsuda

Kazuko Omodaka

Noriko Himori

Yu Yokoyama

Kyongsun Pak

Toru Nakazawa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Our study was conducted to determine factors associated with the effectiveness of a β-blocker eye drop add-on in altering pulse rate (PR) in glaucoma patients.

Methods: This retrospective study examined 236 eyes of 138 patients who received a β-blocker eye drop add-on during follow-up. Patients were included if at least one PR measurement was available both before and after the add-on was started. We collected data on ophthalmic parameters: longitudinal PR; longitudinal choroidal blood flow, represented by laser speckle flowgraphy-measured mean blur rate (MBR); and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs). We used a multivariable linear mixed-effects model to investigate the effectiveness of the β-blocker eye drop add-on in altering PR and examined factors contributing to a larger PR alteration after the add-on was started by analyzing the effect on PR of the interaction term between the add-on and clinical factors. We used the k-means method to classify the patients.

Results: The β-blocker eye drop add-on reduced PR (- 7.61 bpm, P < 0.001). Female gender, higher PR when the add-on was started, lower central corneal thickness, and a higher d-ROM level were associated with greater reduction in PR (P < 0.05). In a cluster of patients with these clinical features, choroidal MBR increased by + 3.42% when we adjusted for change over time; MD slope, which represents the speed of glaucoma progression, improved by + 0.64 dB/year (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: We identified a glaucoma subgroup in which PR decreased, choroidal blood flow increased, and glaucoma progression slowed after a β-blocker eye drop add-on was started.

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