The Urban-poor Vaccination: Challenges and Strategies in Low-and-middle Income Countries

Overview

Journal Hum Vaccin Immunother

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2024 Jan 3

PMID 38166597

Authors

Boston Zimba

Samuel Mpinganjira

Takondwa Msosa

Fanuel Meckson Bickton

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the success stories of public health. The benefit of vaccination goes beyond individual protection to include promoting population well-being, improving cognitive development, and increasing economic productivity. However, the existing inequalities in the access to vaccination undermines its impact. There are significant variations in the coverage of vaccination between and within countries. Despite that urban populations have better access to health services; evidence has shown that the urban poor have the worst health indicators including vaccination uptake. Additionally, there are unique challenges affecting vaccination in urban settings, especially in urban slums. This paper has discussed key challenges some of the proposed interventions that can improve urban vaccination service delivery.

Citing Articles

Determinants of Under-Immunization Among Children Between 0 and 59 Months in Buea Municipality, South Western Cameroon: Implications for National Immunization Campaign.

Dinga J, Ngunjoh F, Tendongfor N, Mbah G, Qin H, Ahmed I Healthcare (Basel). 2025; 13(3).

PMID: 39942429 PMC: 11817273. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13030239.

Improving HPV vaccine acceptance through peer-to-peer education among adolescent girls in the urban poor settings of Kisenyi, Kampala, Uganda.

Tuhebwe D, Adyedo C, Ahumuza E, Ssendagire S, Wanyenze R PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024; 4(12):e0004007.

PMID: 39636843 PMC: 11620462. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004007.

Exploring the challenges and interventions of urban-poor vaccination in the Philippines.

Cordero Jr D Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024; 20(1):2369364.

PMID: 38980087 PMC: 11239184. DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2369364.

Exploring the "Urban Advantage" in Access to Immunization Services: A Comparison of Zero-Dose Prevalence Between Rural, and Poor and Non-poor Urban Households Across 97 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Santos T, Cata-Preta B, Wendt A, Arroyave L, Blumenberg C, Mengistu T J Urban Health. 2024; 101(3):638-647.

PMID: 38767765 PMC: 11189869. DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00859-7.

References

Grundy J, Biggs B . The Impact of Conflict on Immunisation Coverage in 16 Countries. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2019; 8(4):211-221. PMC: 6499911. DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2018.127. View

Strassburg M . The global eradication of smallpox. Am J Infect Control. 1982; 10(2):53-9. DOI: 10.1016/0196-6553(82)90003-7. View

Egondi T, Oyolola M, Mutua M, Elungata P . Determinants of immunization inequality among urban poor children: evidence from Nairobi's informal settlements. Int J Equity Health. 2015; 14:24. PMC: 4347906. DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0154-2. View

Pell C, Straus L, Andrew E, Menaca A, Pool R . Social and cultural factors affecting uptake of interventions for malaria in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review of the qualitative research. PLoS One. 2011; 6(7):e22452. PMC: 3140529. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022452. View

Cutts F . Strategies to improve immunization services in urban Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 1991; 69(4):407-14. PMC: 2393244. View

Nelson K, Wallace A, Sodha S, Daniels D, Dietz V . Assessing strategies for increasing urban routine immunization coverage of childhood vaccines in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature. Vaccine. 2016; 34(46):5495-5503. PMC: 5309783. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.038. View

Adebowale A, Obembe T, Bamgboye E . Relationship between household wealth and childhood immunization in core-North Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2019; 19(1):1582-1593. PMC: 6531962. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i1.33. View

Hambidge S, Davidson A, Phibbs S, Chandramouli V, Zerbe G, Lebaron C . Strategies to improve immunization rates and well-child care in a disadvantaged population: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004; 158(2):162-9. DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.158.2.162. View

Crocker-Buque T, Mindra G, Duncan R, Mounier-Jack S . Immunization, urbanization and slums - a systematic review of factors and interventions. BMC Public Health. 2017; 17(1):556. PMC: 5465583. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4473-7. View

10.

Ehreth J . The global value of vaccination. Vaccine. 2003; 21(7-8):596-600. DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00623-0. View

11.

Doherty M, Buchy P, Standaert B, Giaquinto C, Prado-Cohrs D . Vaccine impact: Benefits for human health. Vaccine. 2016; 34(52):6707-6714. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.025. View

12.

Awoh A, Plugge E . Immunisation coverage in rural-urban migrant children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015; 70(3):305-11. PMC: 4789817. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-205652. View

13.

Agbana B, Joshua A, Daikwo M, Metiboba L . Knowledge of occupational hazards among sawmill workers in Kwara state, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2016; 23(1):25-32. DOI: 10.4103/1117-1936.180176. View

14.

Rappuoli R, Miller H, Falkow S . Medicine. The intangible value of vaccination. Science. 2002; 297(5583):937-9. DOI: 10.1126/science.1075173. View

15.

Hussein I, Chams N, Chams S, El Sayegh S, Badran R, Raad M . Vaccines Through Centuries: Major Cornerstones of Global Health. Front Public Health. 2015; 3:269. PMC: 4659912. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00269. View

16.

Li X, Mukandavire C, Cucunuba Z, Echeverria Londono S, Abbas K, Clapham H . Estimating the health impact of vaccination against ten pathogens in 98 low-income and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2030: a modelling study. Lancet. 2021; 397(10272):398-408. PMC: 7846814. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32657-X. View

17.

Ataguba J, Ojo K, Ichoku H . Explaining socio-economic inequalities in immunization coverage in Nigeria. Health Policy Plan. 2016; 31(9):1212-24. DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czw053. View

18.

Schmid-Kupke N, Matysiak-Klose D, Siedler A, Felgendreff L, Wieler L, Thaiss H . Cancelled routine vaccination appointments due to COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Vaccine X. 2021; 8:100094. PMC: 8012162. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100094. View