Graves' Disease Post-COVID-19 M-RNA Vaccine in Pediatric Age Group

Overview

Journal Asia Ocean J Nucl Med Biol

Specialty Nuclear Medicine

Date 2024 Jan 2

PMID 38164230

Authors

Abhaa Sulaiyam Al-Jahhafi

Asma Ali Al-Sawaai

Zamzam Khalifa Al-Bimani

Naima Khamis Al-Bulushi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The surge of the COVID-19 pandemic (December / 2019 - May/2023) and its catastrophic effect worldwide have necessitated emergent intervention to reduce its influence on people's health and life. To eliminate and reduce the impact of COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 vaccination was emergently authorized in December 2020 which has established good safety and efficacy. Having said that, some adverse effects merged in a few individuals. We are reporting an adolescent patient a 17-year-old female who has been diagnosed with Graves' disease after post-COVID-19 vaccinations. In addition, she was a confirmed case of COVID-19 infection three months earlier. The patient presented with typical features of hyperthyroidism 30 days post receiving the first dose of the vaccination. Based on the patient's presentation relative to the administration of the vaccine and prior infection of the virus. We proposed the synergistic effect of both factors to induce Graves' disease in this young healthy female with no family history of autoimmune disease. We are reporting this case for pediatric endocrinologists to be aware of the interaction and possible impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on thyroid function.

References

Lee H, Hwang J . The treatment of Graves' disease in children and adolescents. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 19(3):122-6. PMC: 4208256. DOI: 10.6065/apem.2014.19.3.122. View

Katsikas Triantafyllidis K, Giannos P, Stathi D, Kechagias K . Graves' disease following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of the reported cases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022; 13:938001. PMC: 9552880. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.938001. View

Hamouche W, El Soufi Y, Alzaraq S, Okafor B, Zhang F, Paras C . A case report of new onset graves' disease induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccine?. J Clin Transl Endocrinol Case Rep. 2021; 23:100104. PMC: 8679515. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecr.2021.100104. View

Herczeg V, Garai R, Takacs J, Kovacs F, Luczay A, Hrapka E . Thyroid disturbances after COVID-19 and the effect of vaccination in children: a prospective tri-center registry analysis. Eur J Pediatr. 2023; 182(10):4443-4455. PMC: 10587318. DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05097-8. View

El Sabbagh R, Azar N, Eid A, Azar S . Thyroid Dysfunctions Due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review. Int J Gen Med. 2020; 13:1003-1009. PMC: 7650809. DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S261433. View

Barrett J, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Dold C, Ewer K, Folegatti P, Gilbride C . Phase 1/2 trial of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with a booster dose induces multifunctional antibody responses. Nat Med. 2020; 27(2):279-288. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-01179-4. View

Mulligan M, Lyke K, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S . Phase I/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults. Nature. 2020; 586(7830):589-593. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2639-4. View

Chimatapu S, Ferber C, Thambundit A, Okawa E . Two Cases of Thyroiditis in Adolescents Following COVID-19 Vaccinations. JCEM Case Rep. 2023; 1(2):luad017. PMC: 10580470. DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luad017. View

Donner J, Has P, Topor L . Increased Incidence and Severity of New Graves Disease Diagnoses in Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Endocr Pract. 2023; 29(5):349-352. PMC: 9892249. DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.01.011. View

10.

Zheng C, Shao W, Chen X, Zhang B, Wang G, Zhang W . Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 114:252-260. PMC: 8595975. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.11.009. View

11.

Shi S, Liang Z, Sun B . Response to comment on: Vaccine adjuvants: Understanding the structure and mechanism of adjuvanticity. Vaccine. 2020; 38(13):2759. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.016. View

12.

Bragazzi N, Hejly A, Watad A, Adawi M, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y . ASIA syndrome and endocrine autoimmune disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 34(1):101412. DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101412. View

13.

Prummel M, Strieder T, Wiersinga W . The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004; 150(5):605-18. DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1500605. View

14.

Smith T . Pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy: a 2010 update. J Endocrinol Invest. 2010; 33(6):414-21. PMC: 6779038. DOI: 10.1007/BF03346614. View

15.

Sharma A, Stan M . Thyrotoxicosis: Diagnosis and Management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019; 94(6):1048-1064. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.10.011. View

16.

Livingston E, Malani P, Creech C . The Johnson & Johnson Vaccine for COVID-19. JAMA. 2021; 325(15):1575. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.2927. View

17.

Zarkovic M . The role of oxidative stress on the pathogenesis of graves' disease. J Thyroid Res. 2011; 2012:302537. PMC: 3235898. DOI: 10.1155/2012/302537. View

18.

Gao P, Liu J, Liu M . Effect of COVID-19 Vaccines on Reducing the Risk of Long COVID in the Real World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(19). PMC: 9566528. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912422. View

19.

Costela-Ruiz V, Illescas-Montes R, Puerta-Puerta J, Ruiz C, Melguizo-Rodriguez L . SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020; 54:62-75. PMC: 7265853. DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001. View