Multiscale Ecological Drivers of Spatial Distribution in Wild Hosts: A Systematic Review

Overview

Journal Food Waterborne Parasitol

Date 2023 Dec 28

PMID 38152424

Authors

Andrea Simoncini

Alessandro Massolo

Affiliations

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Abstract

Understanding the ecological factors that drive the spatial patterns of parasites transmission is essential to predict their distribution under global change and to direct proactive surveillance efforts. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to assess the main ecological drivers responsible for the spatial distribution and transmission of the zoonotic cestode , the aetiological agent of alveolar echinococcosis, focusing on wild hosts. The 23 retrieved studies suggested that the dispersal of definitive hosts, climatic and biotic factors (distribution of intermediate hosts, composition of host communities) shape continental-scale distribution patterns of , whereas the relative importance of climate and land cover in driving distribution at a smaller (country/regional) scale varies with the geographic area considered. At a local scale, two additional factors contribute to determine the distribution of micro-foci of transmission: the trophic relationships between carnivores definitive hosts and small mammals intermediate hosts, and the defecation and marking behaviour of definitive hosts.

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