Synephrine and Its Derivative Compound A: Common and Specific Biological Effects

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2023 Dec 23

PMID 38139366

Authors

Svetlana A Dodonova

Ekaterina M Zhidkova

Alexey A Kryukov

Timur T Valiev

Kirill I Kirsanov

Evgeny P Kulikov

Irina V Budunova

Marianna G Yakubovskaya

Ekaterina A Lesovaya

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

This review is focused on synephrine, the principal phytochemical found in bitter orange and other medicinal plants and widely used as a dietary supplement for weight loss/body fat reduction. We examine different aspects of synephrine biology, delving into its established and potential molecular targets, as well as its mechanisms of action. We present an overview of the origin, chemical composition, receptors, and pharmacological properties of synephrine, including its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity in various in vitro and animal models. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis of the molecular targets and effects of synephrine with those of its metabolite, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist (SEGRA) Compound A (CpdA), which shares a similar chemical structure with synephrine. SEGRAs, including CpdA, have been extensively studied as glucocorticoid receptor activators that have a better benefit/risk profile than glucocorticoids due to their reduced adverse effects. We discuss the potential of synephrine usage as a template for the synthesis of new generation of non-steroidal SEGRAs. The review also provides insights into the safe pharmacological profile of synephrine.

Citing Articles

Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Activity In Vitro of Synephrine Derivatives.

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Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Activity of the Novel Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists of the Phenylethanolamine Series.

Zhidkova E, Tilova L, Fetisov T, Kirsanov K, Kulikov E, Enikeev A Int J Mol Sci. 2024; 25(16).

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