Male and Female Mitochondria Respond Differently After Exercising in Acute Hypoxia

Overview

Journal Biomedicines

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2023 Dec 23

PMID 38137370

Authors

Ylenia Lai

Francesco Loy

Michela Isola

Roberta Noli

Andrea Rinaldi

Carla Lobina

Romina Vargiu

Flaminia Cesare Marincola

Raffaella Isola

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The use of hypoxic devices among athletes who train in normobaric hypoxia has become increasingly popular; however, the acute effects on heart and brain metabolism are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the mitochondrial bioenergetics in trained male and female Wistar rats after acute hypoxia training. The experimental plan included exercising for 30 min on a treadmill in a Plexiglas cage connected to a hypoxic generator set at 12.5% O or in normoxia. After the exercise, the rats were sacrificed, and their mitochondria were isolated from their brains and hearts. The bioenergetics for each complex of the electron transport chain was tested using a Clark-type electrode. The results showed that following hypoxia training, females experienced impaired oxidative phosphorylation through complex II in heart subsarcolemmal mitochondria, while males had an altered ADP/O in heart interfibrillar mitochondria, without any change in oxidative capacity. No differences from controls were evident in the brain, but an increased electron transport system efficiency was observed with complex I and IV substrates in males. Therefore, the study's findings suggest that hypoxia training affects the heart mitochondria of females more than males. This raises a cautionary flag for female athletes who use hypoxic devices.

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