Measurement, Dynamic Evolution and Influencing Factors of Green Development Efficiency in Western China: Based on Ecological-economic-social System

Based on the ecological-economic-social system, green development efficiency is divided into green ecological efficiency, green economic efficiency and green social efficiency. Their corresponding indicator systems are constructed, and the Super-SBM model, Super-SBM-Undesirable model and kernel density estimation are applied to measure and analyze green development efficiency and its dynamic evolution in western China from 2007 to 2019. Tobit model is constructed and used to empirically analyze the influencing factors of the green development efficiency in western China. The study shows that: (1) green ecological efficiency and green economic efficiency in western China are generally at a low level, and mainly dragged by northwest China, while green social efficiency in western China is generally at a high level, and mainly dragged by southwest China; (2) green ecological efficiency, green economic efficiency and green social efficiency in western China all show a slight trend of first decreasing and then increasing; (3) all three sub-efficiencies of green development in western China have a decreasing trend of absolute difference, right trailing and polarization; (4) the lower green ecological efficiency in western China is due to the negative impacts from the level of government intervention, the level of economic development, and foreign direct investment. The lower green economic efficiency is due to the positive impacts from population density, the level of government intervention, the level of financial development, and foreign direct investment. The higher green social efficiency is due to the positive impacts from population density, the level of financial development, the level of economic development, and the green technological innovation. The study is based on countermeasure recommendations focusing on improving green social efficiency in southwest China, as well as green ecological efficiency and green economic efficiency in northwest China, which are of reference value to promote green development more comprehensively in western China.