Toxinome-the Bacterial Protein Toxin Database

Overview

Journal mBio

Publisher American Society for Microbiology

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2023 Dec 20

PMID 38117054

Authors

Aleks Danov

Ofir Segev

Avi Bograd

Yedidya Ben Eliyahu

Noam Dotan

Tommy Kaplan

Asaf Levy

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Microbes use protein toxins as important tools to attack neighboring cells, microbial or eukaryotic, and for self-killing when attacked by viruses. These toxins work through different mechanisms to inhibit cell growth or kill cells. Microbes also use antitoxin proteins to neutralize the toxin activities. Here, we developed a comprehensive database called Toxinome of nearly two million toxins and antitoxins that are encoded in 59,475 bacterial genomes. We described the distribution of bacterial toxins and identified that they are depleted by bacteria that live in hot and cold temperatures. We found 5,161 cases in which toxins and antitoxins are densely clustered in bacterial genomes and termed these areas "Toxin Islands." The Toxinome database is a useful resource for anyone interested in toxin biology and evolution, and it can guide the discovery of new toxins.

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