Adolescent Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidality: A Latent Class Analysis and Associations with Clinical Characteristics in an At-Risk Cohort

Overview

Journal J Youth Adolesc

Specialties Pediatrics
Psychology
Social Sciences

Date 2023 Dec 19

PMID 38112847

Authors

N G M de Neve-Enthoven

A P Ringoot

J Jongerling

N Boersma

L M Berges

D Meijnckens

W J G Hoogendijk

N H Grootendorst-van Mil

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is frequently encountered in adolescents, but its predictive value for suicidality or other clinical characteristics is challenging due to its heterogeneous nature. This study used latent class analysis to identify subgroups of NSSI and compared these on sociodemographic characteristics, adverse outcomes and protective factors. The study included 966 high-risk adolescents, Mage 14.9 y, SD 0.9 y, 51.8% female. Four classes emerged: (1) "Low NSSI-Low suicidality", (2) "Moderate NSSI-Low suicidality", (3) "Moderate NSSI-High suicidality", and (4) "High NSSI-High suicidality". Girls predominated in the high suicidality classes. Generally, Class 4 had the poorest outcomes: more internalizing and externalizing problems, less social support from friends and families and worst self-esteem. These findings emphasize the need for interventions tailored to specific phenotypes of adolescents engaging in NSSI.

Citing Articles

Development and Validation of the COVID-19 Infection Fear Scale in a Collectivist Cultural Context: A Study From South Korea.

Choi Y, Hyun J, Kim S, Kim H, Sohn S, Lee Y Psychiatry Investig. 2025; 21(12):1372-1381.

PMID: 39757815 PMC: 11704798. DOI: 10.30773/pi.2024.0243.

A latent profile analysis on adolescents' Non-Suicidal Self-Injury related to intrapersonal and interpersonal factors.

Lee J, Kim S, Lee J, Kim J, Yoo J, Han D Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2024; 18(1):120.

PMID: 39289721 PMC: 11409616. DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00801-4.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) Patterns in Adolescents from a Romanian Child Psychiatry Inpatient Clinic.

Andrei L, Efrim-Budisteanu M, Mihailescu I, Buica A, Moise M, Rad F Children (Basel). 2024; 11(3).

PMID: 38539332 PMC: 10969364. DOI: 10.3390/children11030297.

References

Swannell S, Martin G, Page A, Hasking P, St John N . Prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in nonclinical samples: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014; 44(3):273-303. DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12070. View

Cipriano A, Cella S, Cotrufo P . Nonsuicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol. 2017; 8:1946. PMC: 5682335. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946. View

Plener P, Schumacher T, Munz L, Groschwitz R . The longitudinal course of non-suicidal self-injury and deliberate self-harm: a systematic review of the literature. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2015; 2:2. PMC: 4579518. DOI: 10.1186/s40479-014-0024-3. View

Grootendorst-van Mil N, Bouter D, Hoogendijk W, van Jaarsveld S, Tiemeier H, Mulder C . The iBerry study: a longitudinal cohort study of adolescents at high risk of psychopathology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2021; 36(4):453-464. PMC: 8076148. DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00740-w. View

Barrocas A, Hankin B, Young J, Abela J . Rates of nonsuicidal self-injury in youth: age, sex, and behavioral methods in a community sample. Pediatrics. 2012; 130(1):39-45. PMC: 3382916. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2094. View

Pietschnig J, Voracek M . One Century of Global IQ Gains: A Formal Meta-Analysis of the Flynn Effect (1909-2013). Perspect Psychol Sci. 2015; 10(3):282-306. DOI: 10.1177/1745691615577701. View

Diamond G, Kodish T, Ewing E, Hunt Q, Russon J . Family processes: Risk, protective and treatment factors for youth at risk for suicide. Aggress Violent Behav. 2022; 64. PMC: 9159634. DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2021.101586. View

Chapman A, Gratz K, Brown M . Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: the experiential avoidance model. Behav Res Ther. 2006; 44(3):371-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.005. View

Dhingra K, Boduszek D, Palmer D, Shevlin M . Psychopathy and self-injurious thoughts and behaviour: application of latent class analysis. J Ment Health. 2014; 24(1):4-8. PMC: 4819574. DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2014.910645. View

10.

Dhingra K, Boduszek D, Klonsky E . Empirically Derived Subgroups of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behavior: Application of Latent Class Analysis. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2016; 46(4):486-99. DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12232. View

11.

Boterhoven de Haan K, Hafekost J, Lawrence D, Sawyer M, Zubrick S . Reliability and validity of a short version of the general functioning subscale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device. Fam Process. 2014; 54(1):116-23. DOI: 10.1111/famp.12113. View

12.

Meszaros G, Horvath L, Balazs J . Self-injury and externalizing pathology: a systematic literature review. BMC Psychiatry. 2017; 17(1):160. PMC: 5415783. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1326-y. View

13.

Chen W, Chun C . Association between Emotion Dysregulation and Distinct Groups of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Taiwanese Female Adolescents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(18). PMC: 6765909. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183361. View

14.

Victor S, Klonsky E . Correlates of suicide attempts among self-injurers: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2014; 34(4):282-97. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.005. View

15.

Glenn C, Klonsky E . One-year test-retest reliability of the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury (ISAS). Assessment. 2011; 18(3):375-8. DOI: 10.1177/1073191111411669. View

16.

Borschmann R, Becker D, Coffey C, Spry E, Moreno-Betancur M, Moran P . 20-year outcomes in adolescents who self-harm: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018; 1(3):195-202. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(17)30007-X. View

17.

Mars B, Heron J, Crane C, Hawton K, Kidger J, Lewis G . Differences in risk factors for self-harm with and without suicidal intent: findings from the ALSPAC cohort. J Affect Disord. 2014; 168:407-14. PMC: 4160300. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.009. View

18.

Claes L, Houben A, Vandereycken W, Bijttebier P, Muehlenkamp J . Brief report: the association between non-suicidal self-injury, self-concept and acquaintance with self-injurious peers in a sample of adolescents. J Adolesc. 2009; 33(5):775-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.10.012. View

19.

Bresin K, Schoenleber M . Gender differences in the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2015; 38:55-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.02.009. View

20.

Sornberger M, Heath N, Toste J, McLouth R . Nonsuicidal self-injury and gender: patterns of prevalence, methods, and locations among adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2012; 42(3):266-78. DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.0088.x. View