Cut-off Values for IL-21 and IL-23 As Biochemical Markers for Pemphigus Vulgaris

Overview

Journal J Med Life

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2023 Dec 18

PMID 38107713

Authors

Zahra Ali Al-Hasnawi

Ban Al-Drobie

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially fatal mucocutaneous autoimmune disease characterized by severe skin lesions. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-23 have been linked to several autoimmune inflammatory diseases that may have a critical role in PV immunopathogenesis, including T-helper 17 (Th17) development. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of IL-21 and IL-23 in patients with PV and healthy controls. This case-control study included 90 participants (45 patients and 45 controls). Serum IL-21 and IL-23 were measured using the Sandwich-ELISA method provided by Sunlong Biotech, China. The findings revealed statistically significant results for IL-21 O.D. and Conc. (p=0.012*) and highly significant results for IL-23 O.D. and Conc. (p=0.000**). Furthermore, cut-off values were established for IL-21 (O.D.=0.071 pg/mL, Conc.=6.468 pg/mL) and IL-23 (O.D.=0.141 pg/mL, Conc.=6.745 pg/mL). These results indicate a potential association between PV and IL-21, IL-23, and the identified cut-off values. The particular roles of cytokines and how they can be utilized to treat PV require more investigation. To our knowledge, this was the first study to detect a cut-off point for IL-21 and IL-23 that may be used as novel and cost-effective biochemical markers for disease diagnosis.

References

Abdullameer M, Abdulkareem A . Diagnostic potential of salivary interleukin-17, RANKL, and OPG to differentiate between periodontal health and disease and discriminate stable and unstable periodontitis: A case-control study. Health Sci Rep. 2023; 6(2):e1103. PMC: 9900720. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1103. View

Serwin A, Koper M, Flisiak I . Incidence of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus in North-East Poland (Podlaskie Province) - a 15-year (2001-2015) bicentric retrospective study. Int J Dermatol. 2018; 57(8):933-937. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14078. View

Abdo A, Tye G . Interleukin 23 and autoimmune diseases: current and possible future therapies. Inflamm Res. 2020; 69(5):463-480. DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01339-9. View

Alshami M, Aswad F, Abdullah B . A clinical and demographic analysis of oral pemphigus vulgaris: A retrospective cross-sectional study from 2001 to 2021. Health Sci Rep. 2022; 5(5):e832. PMC: 9470012. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.832. View

Pollmann R, Schmidt T, Eming R, Hertl M . Pemphigus: a Comprehensive Review on Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018; 54(1):1-25. DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8662-z. View

Inoue T, Kurosaki T . Memory B cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023; 24(1):5-17. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00897-3. View

Ishii N, Maeyama Y, Karashima T, Nakama T, Kusuhara M, Yasumoto S . A clinical study of patients with pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceous: an 11-year retrospective study (1996-2006). Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008; 33(5):641-3. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02881.x. View

Zhu X, Pan J, Yu Z, Wang Y, Cai L, Zheng S . Epidemiology of pemphigus vulgaris in the Northeast China: a 10-year retrospective study. J Dermatol. 2013; 41(1):70-5. DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12286. View

Hennerici T, Pollmann R, Schmidt T, Seipelt M, Tackenberg B, Mobs C . Increased Frequency of T Follicular Helper Cells and Elevated Interleukin-27 Plasma Levels in Patients with Pemphigus. PLoS One. 2016; 11(2):e0148919. PMC: 4752242. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148919. View

10.

Mesas-Fernandez A, Bodner E, Hilke F, Meier K, Ghoreschi K, Solimani F . Interleukin-21 in autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Eur J Immunol. 2023; 53(4):e2250075. DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250075. View

11.

Hajian-Tilaki K . Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve Analysis for Medical Diagnostic Test Evaluation. Caspian J Intern Med. 2013; 4(2):627-35. PMC: 3755824. View

12.

Morsy H, Zedan H, Kassim M, Mwafey I, Negm D . Serum IL-21 level in patients with pemphigus: Before and after treatment. Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33(6):e14482. DOI: 10.1111/dth.14482. View

13.

Huang S, Mao J, Zhou L, Xiong X, Deng Y . The imbalance of gut microbiota and its correlation with plasma inflammatory cytokines in pemphigus vulgaris patients. Scand J Immunol. 2019; 90(3):e12799. PMC: 9286422. DOI: 10.1111/sji.12799. View

14.

Merrheim J, Villegas J, Van Wassenhove J, Khansa R, Berrih-Aknin S, Le Panse R . Estrogen, estrogen-like molecules and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev. 2020; 19(3):102468. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102468. View

15.

Priyadarshini A, George R, Daniel D, Varughese S, Jayaseelan V . Association between human leukocyte antigen-DRB1 and human leukocyte antigen-DQB1 alleles and pemphigus vulgaris in Indian patients: A case-control study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2018; 84(3):280-284. DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_1014_16. View

16.

Costache D, Feroiu O, Ghilencea A, Georgescu M, Caruntu A, Caruntu C . Skin Inflammation Modulation via TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-12 Family Inhibitors Therapy and Cancer Control in Patients with Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(9). PMC: 9100023. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095198. View

17.

Long D, Chen Y, Wu H, Zhao M, Lu Q . Clinical significance and immunobiology of IL-21 in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun. 2019; 99:1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.01.013. View

18.

Tavakolpour S, Mahmoudi H, Karami F, Elikaei Behjati S, Balighi K, Abbasi M . Investigating expression pattern of eight immune-related genes in pemphigus patients compared with the healthy controls and after rituximab therapy: Potential roles of CTLA4 and FCGR3A genes expression in outcomes of rituximab therapy. Dermatol Ther. 2020; 33(6):e14380. DOI: 10.1111/dth.14380. View

19.

Ghilardi N, Pappu R, Arron J, Chan A . 30 Years of Biotherapeutics Development-What Have We Learned?. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020; 38:249-287. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101619-031510. View

20.

Tavakolpour S, Mahmoudi H, Mirzazadeh A, Balighi K, Darabi-Monadi S, Hatami S . Pathogenic and protective roles of cytokines in pemphigus: A systematic review. Cytokine. 2020; 129:155026. DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155026. View