Methods on Improvements of the Poor Oral Bioavailability of Ginsenosides: Pre-processing, Structural Modification, Drug Combination, and Micro- or Nano- Delivery System

Overview

Journal J Ginseng Res

Date 2023 Dec 18

PMID 38107396

Authors

Qi-Rui Hu

Huan Hong

Zhi-Hong Zhang

Hua Feng

Ting Luo

Jing Li

Ze-Yuan Deng

Fang Chen

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Panax ginseng Meyer is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used as tonic in Asia. The main pharmacologically active components of ginseng are the dammarane-type ginsenosides, which have been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, neuroprotective, and metabolic regulatory activities. Moreover, some of ginsenosides (eg, Rh2 and Rg3) have been developed into nutraceuticals. However, the utilization of ginsenosides in clinic is restrictive due to poor permeability in cells and low bioavailability in human body. Obviously, the dammarane skeleton and glycosyls of ginsenosides are responsible for these limitations. Therefore, improving the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides has become a pressing issue. Here, based on the structures of ginsenosides, we summarized the understanding of the factors affecting the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides, introduced the methods to enhance the oral bioavailability and proposed the future perspectives on improving the oral bioavailability of ginsenosides.

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