Association Between Longitudinal Dietary Patterns and Changes in Obesity: a Population-based Cohort Study

Overview

Journal Front Public Health

Specialty Public Health

Date 2023 Dec 18

PMID 38106894

Authors

Liuyan Zheng

Xinyue Lu

Jianhui Guo

Xingyan Xu

Le Yang

XiaoXu Xie

Huangyuan Li

Siying Wu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Research on the trajectory of dietary patterns and changes in obesity has been inconclusive.

Methods: This study described the dietary intake and adiposity trajectories of Chinese adults and assessed the association between dietary trajectories and changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). We used data from 3, 643 adults who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1997 to 2015. Detailed dietary data were collected by conducting three consecutive 24-h recalls. Multitrajectories of diet scores were identified by a group-based multitrajectory method. We described the change in BMI and WHR using group-based trajectory modeling. We assessed the associations between dietary trajectories and changes in people with obesity using a logistic regression model.

Results: Our study revealed four trajectories of low-carbohydrate (LCD) and low-fat diet (LFD) scores. Three adiposity trajectories were identified according to the baseline level and developmental trend of BMI and WHR. Compared with the reference group, which was characterized by sustained healthy dietary habits with healthy diet scores at baseline and sustained maintenance of healthy diet scores, the other three diet trajectories had a higher risk of falling into the adverse adiposity trajectory.

Discussion: Maintaining a healthy LCD and LFD can markedly decrease the risk of adiposity.

Citing Articles

Trends and Disparities in Diet Quality and Nutrient Intake among US Adults by Bodyweight Status.

Gu W, Yang Y, Wang L, Song Y, Yan X, Tian Z Nutrients. 2024; 16(16).

PMID: 39203929 PMC: 11357175. DOI: 10.3390/nu16162793.

References

Hu T, Mills K, Yao L, Demanelis K, Eloustaz M, Yancy Jr W . Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2012; 176 Suppl 7:S44-54. PMC: 3530364. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kws264. View

Lei L, Huang J, Zhang L, Hong Y, Hui S, Yang J . Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr. 2022; 9:935234. PMC: 9397119. DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935234. View

Chawla S, Tessarolo Silva F, Amaral Medeiros S, Mekary R, Radenkovic D . The Effect of Low-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate Diets on Weight Loss and Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12). PMC: 7763365. DOI: 10.3390/nu12123774. View

Du S, Neiman A, Batis C, Wang H, Zhang B, Zhang J . Understanding the patterns and trends of sodium intake, potassium intake, and sodium to potassium ratio and their effect on hypertension in China. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; 99(2):334-43. PMC: 3893725. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.059121. View

Zhang X, Zhang J, Du W, Su C, Ouyang Y, Huang F . Multi-Trajectories of Macronutrient Intake and Their Associations with Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018: A Prospective Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(1). PMC: 8746800. DOI: 10.3390/nu14010013. View

Li X, Li M, Xu L, Zeng X, Zhang T, Yang H . Associations between low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets and hepatic steatosis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2022; 30(11):2317-2328. DOI: 10.1002/oby.23551. View

Jafari-Maram S, Daneshzad E, Brett N, Bellissimo N, Azadbakht L . Association of low-carbohydrate diet score with overweight, obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a cross-sectional study in Iranian women. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2019; 11(3):216-223. PMC: 6759613. DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2019.36. View

Wu C, Mi B, Luo W, Chen B, Ma J, Huang H . Association between Long-Term Changes in Dietary Percentage of Energy from Fat and Obesity: Evidence from over 20 Years of Longitudinal Data. Nutrients. 2022; 14(16). PMC: 9414001. DOI: 10.3390/nu14163373. View

Deng Y, Paul D . The Relationships Between Depressive Symptoms, Functional Health Status, Physical Activity, and the Availability of Recreational Facilities: a Rural-Urban Comparison in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults. Int J Behav Med. 2018; 25(3):322-330. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9714-3. View

10.

Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S, Lamas S, Ortiz A, Rodrigues-Diez R . Targeting the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020; 16(5):269-288. DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0248-y. View

11.

Akter S, Mizoue T, Nanri A, Goto A, Noda M, Sawada N . Low carbohydrate diet and all cause and cause-specific mortality. Clin Nutr. 2020; 40(4):2016-2024. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.022. View

12.

Pan X, Wang L, Pan A . Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021; 9(6):373-392. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00045-0. View

13.

Halton T, Willett W, Liu S, Manson J, Albert C, Rexrode K . Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355(19):1991-2002. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa055317. View

14.

Saklayen M . The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018; 20(2):12. PMC: 5866840. DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z. View

15.

Warrier G, Incze M . I Want to Lose Weight: Which Diet Is Best?. JAMA Intern Med. 2021; 181(9):1268. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.3342. View

16.

Willems A, Sura-de Jong M, van Beek A, Nederhof E, van Dijk G . Effects of macronutrient intake in obesity: a meta-analysis of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets on markers of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Rev. 2020; 79(4):429-444. PMC: 7947787. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa044. View

17.

Song P, Li X, Bu Y, Ding S, Zhai D, Wang E . Temporal trends in normal weight central obesity and its associations with cardiometabolic risk among Chinese adults. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(1):5411. PMC: 6443661. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41986-5. View

18.

Welsh J, Sharma A, Abramson J, Vaccarino V, Gillespie C, Vos M . Caloric sweetener consumption and dyslipidemia among US adults. JAMA. 2010; 303(15):1490-7. PMC: 3045262. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2010.449. View

19.

Brown K . Metabolic pathways in obesity-related breast cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021; 17(6):350-363. PMC: 10410950. DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00487-0. View

20.

Katta N, Loethen T, Lavie C, Alpert M . Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease: Epidemiology, Pathology, and Coronary Artery Imaging. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2020; 46(3):100655. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100655. View