Topical Hydroquinone for Hyperpigmentation: A Narrative Review

Overview

Journal Cureus

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2023 Dec 18

PMID 38106810

Authors

Isabella M Fabian

Evan S Sinnathamby

Chelsi J Flanagan

Anne Lindberg

Brynne Tynes

Rucha A Kelkar

Giustino Varrassi

Shahab Ahmadzadeh

Sahar Shekoohi

Alan D Kaye

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Topical hydroquinone (HQ) has been used for decades to treat disorders of hyperpigmentation such as melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and solar lentigines. Additionally, it has been used as a skin-lightening agent for cosmetic purposes. Multiple studies have shown it to be effective in treating hyperpigmentation, though it is not without side effects. Currently, HQ is not approved for over-the-counter use in the United States. Its use is also banned in other countries, including Japan, Australia, and the European Union. Hyperpigmentation disorders affect individuals worldwide. Patients with these disorders are frequently seen in medical practices. Hyperpigmentation disorders can significantly negatively impact a person's quality of life, and agents that treat hyperpigmentation can improve patient outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was performed on HQ as a treatment for skin hyperpigmentation disorders. A literature review revealed that HQ is an effective compound for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and can be combined with other therapies for enhanced results. Evidence exists to support HQ as a topical therapy for skin hyperpigmentation. HQ is not without side effects and should be prescribed by trained professionals who can educate patients on usage. HQ can be used in pharmaceutical regimens to treat hyperpigmentation disorders.

Citing Articles

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Serum Containing Niacinamide, Tranexamic Acid, Vitamin C, and Hydroxy Acid Compared to 4% Hydroquinone in the Management of Melasma.

Rocio J, Pittet J, Sachdev M, Kovylkina N, Deloche Bensmaine C, Passeron T J Cosmet Dermatol. 2025; 24(3):e70097.

PMID: 40062688 PMC: 11892338. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.70097.

The Efficacy of Topical Cosmetic Containing Alpha-Arbutin 5% and Kojic Acid 2% Compared With Triple Combination Cream for the Treatment of Melasma: A Split-Face, Evaluator-Blinded Randomized Pilot Study.

Tantanasrigul P, Sripha A, Chongmelaxme B J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024; 24(1):e16562.

PMID: 39555866 PMC: 11740261. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16562.

Exogenous Ochronosis With Vitiligo: A Therapeutic Challenge.

Li Z, Zhang C Skin Res Technol. 2024; 30(10):e70090.

PMID: 39366911 PMC: 11452260. DOI: 10.1111/srt.70090.

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