Factors Influencing the Lives of Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Review

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder globally, presenting with core deficits in social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and communication abilities. This systematic review examined the factors influencing parents' experiences raising children with ASD in Saudi Arabia. Derived from a pool of 14 studies, eight were selected based on their focus on the impact of autism on family life. Results showed that mothers of children with ASD frequently reported heightened anxiety, self-stigmatization, and diminished quality of life. The quality of the parents' marital relationship and the caregiver's sex played crucial roles in determining emotional and behavioral outcomes in children with ASD. Additionally, societal reactions, feelings of embarrassment within families, and access to resources significantly influenced caregivers' experiences. Financial strains were common, with income inconsistencies affecting perceived quality of life. The severity of ASD and its duration also emerged as pivotal factors affecting families. Furthermore, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic intensified stress levels among parents, particularly mothers, emphasizing the need for psychological support. Our review findings highlight the importance of enhanced social support and recognition of stressed parents with autistic children in healthcare settings.