Axial Length and Anterior Chamber Indices in Elderly Population: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study

Overview

Journal Int J Ophthalmol

Specialty Ophthalmology

Date 2023 Nov 29

PMID 38028525

Authors

Hassan Hashemi

Samira Heydarian

Alireza Hashemi

Mehdi Khabazkhoob

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Aim: To determine the normative distribution of axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and some of their associated factors in subjects aged 60 and over.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 160 clusters were sampled using multi-stage cluster sampling in Tehran, Iran. After a preliminary interview, the participants underwent optometric examinations including visual acuity and refraction measurement followed by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Finally, ocular imaging was done using the Pentacam AXL to measure AL, ACD, ACV, and ACA.

Results: A total of 4519 eyes of 2436 participants were evaluated, of whom 58.0% (=1412) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 67.32±6.05y (range: 60-95y). The mean AL, ACD, ACV, and ACA was 23.22 mm (23.18-23.27 mm), 2.61 mm (2.59-2.62 mm), 126.56 mm (125.08-128.04 mm), and 30.61° (30.3°-30.92°), respectively. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for the effect of both eyes, the longest and shortest AL was seen in myopic and hyperopic subjects, respectively. AL, ACD, ACV and ACA were significantly larger in men compared to women (<0.001). Except ACA, other evaluated parameters showed an inverse correlation with age (<0.001), however, this correlation was insignificant for AL (=0.623).

Conclusion: Normative value of AL, and other biometric parameters are specific for each ethnicity, age and sex group. Any alteration in these parameters and their effect on refraction should be considered in this age group, especially in case of cataract surgery.

References

Jiang C, Melles R, Yin J, Fan Q, Guo X, Cheng C . A multiethnic genome-wide analysis of 19,420 individuals identifies novel loci associated with axial length and shared genetic influences with refractive error and myopia. Front Genet. 2023; 14:1113058. PMC: 10282939. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1113058. View

Yin G, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Yang H, Xu L, Jonas J . Ocular axial length and its associations in Chinese: the Beijing Eye Study. PLoS One. 2012; 7(8):e43172. PMC: 3424225. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043172. View

Ruiz-Moreno J, Montero J, de la Vega C, Alio J, Zapater P . Retinal detachment in myopic eyes after phakic intraocular lens implantation. J Refract Surg. 2006; 22(3):247-52. DOI: 10.3928/1081-597X-20060301-09. View

Shetty N, Kaweri L, Koshy A, Shetty R, Nuijts R, Sinha Roy A . Repeatability of biometry measured by three devices and its impact on predicted intraocular lens power. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2020; 47(5):585-592. DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000494. View

Cui Y, Meng Q, Guo H, Zeng J, Zhang H, Zhang G . Biometry and corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery candidates from Southern China. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2014; 40(10):1661-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.01.039. View

Hashemi H, Nabovati P, Yekta A, Shokrollahzadeh F, Khabazkhoob M . The prevalence of refractive errors among adult rural populations in Iran. Clin Exp Optom. 2017; 101(1):84-89. DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12565. View

Huang Q, Huang Y, Luo Q, Fan W . Ocular biometric characteristics of cataract patients in western China. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018; 18(1):99. PMC: 5904982. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0770-x. View

Nangia V, Jonas J, Sinha A, Matin A, Kulkarni M, Panda-Jonas S . Ocular axial length and its associations in an adult population of central rural India: the Central India Eye and Medical Study. Ophthalmology. 2010; 117(7):1360-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.11.040. View

He M, Huang W, Zheng Y, Alsbirk P, Foster P . Anterior chamber depth in elderly Chinese: the Liwan eye study. Ophthalmology. 2008; 115(8):1286-90, 1290.e1-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.12.003. View

10.

Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H . High prevalence of refractive errors in an elderly population; a public health issue. BMC Ophthalmol. 2023; 23(1):38. PMC: 9881344. DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02791-x. View

11.

Hashemi H, Jamali A, Rezavn F, Hashemi A, Khabazkhoob M . Residual refractive errors in pseudophakic eyes and related factors: a population-based study. Int J Ophthalmol. 2023; 16(5):778-786. PMC: 10172090. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.05.16. View

12.

Wickremasinghe S, Foster P, Uranchimeg D, Lee P, Devereux J, Alsbirk P . Ocular biometry and refraction in Mongolian adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004; 45(3):776-83. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-0456. View

13.

Klysik A, Kaszuba-Bartkowiak K, Jurowski P . Axial Length of the Eyeball Is Important in Secondary Dislocation of the Intraocular Lens, Capsular Bag, and Capsular Tension Ring Complex. J Ophthalmol. 2016; 2016:6431438. PMC: 4812451. DOI: 10.1155/2016/6431438. View

14.

Herber R, Lenk J, Pillunat L, Raiskup F . Agreement and repeatability of corneal tomography in healthy eyes using a new swept-source OCT, a rotating Scheimpflug camera, and a dual Scheimpflug-Placido system. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2021; 48(2):190-198. DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000734. View

15.

Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Miraftab M, Emamian M, Shariati M, Abdolahinia T . The distribution of axial length, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and vitreous chamber depth in an adult population of Shahroud, Iran. BMC Ophthalmol. 2012; 12:50. PMC: 3500253. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-12-50. View

16.

Arad T, Awiszus L, Ackermann H, Schmack I, Kohnen T . Anterior Segment Biometry in a Caucasian Population with Cataracts. Curr Eye Res. 2023; 48(10):930-938. DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2233119. View

17.

Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Iribarren R, Emamian M, Fotouhi A . Five-year change in refraction and its ocular components in the 40- to 64-year-old population of the Shahroud eye cohort study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 44(8):669-677. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12753. View

18.

Sun Y, Wei S, Li S, Cao K, Hu J, Yang X . Distribution of ocular biometry in young Chinese eyes: The Anyang University Students Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2020; 99(6):621-627. DOI: 10.1111/aos.14710. View

19.

Cheng F, Shan L, Song W, Fan P, Zhang L, Wang X . Prevalence and risk factor for refractive error in rural Chinese adults in Kailu, Inner Mongolia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2020; 41(1):13-20. DOI: 10.1111/opo.12745. View

20.

Khorrami-Nejad M, Moradi R, Baghban A, Khosravi B . Effect of axial length and anterior chamber depth on the peripheral refraction profile. Int J Ophthalmol. 2021; 14(2):292-298. PMC: 7840374. DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.02.17. View