Interleukin-4 (C590T) Gene Polymorphism in Association with Asthma Severity

Overview

Journal J Asthma Allergy

Publisher Dove Medical Press

Date 2023 Nov 29

PMID 38022750

Authors

Mona Al-Ahmad

Asmaa Ali

Mohammad Z Haider

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: A significant link between T allele of the (C590T) gene and developing asthma in some populations was reported. However, no study discussed the link between (C590T) gene polymorphism and asthma severity groups (mild and severe). This study investigated the link between gene variation and asthma severity.

Methods: The study included 215 asthmatic patients, of which 102 had mild asthma, and 126 participants were healthy controls. A previously published polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to identify various (C590T) gene polymorphism genotypes.

Results: The T allele frequency was higher in mild asthma (p=0.002) but not in severe asthma (p=0.12) compared to controls. In mild asthma, the CT genotype and (CT+TT versus CC) increased the likelihood of asthma threefold (p<0.001, 0.001). However, no significant association with severe asthma was found in either genetic model. Stratification analysis showed that the C allele and CC genotype increased the risk of severe asthma (p=0.01). The recessive genetic model indicated a decrease in the risk of severe asthma (OR=0.5, p=0.01) in the non-adjusted regression analysis. Adjusting for age, sex, and other risk factors revealed that the gene polymorphism did not influence the risk of severe asthma (OR=0.92, p=0.80); however, being an elderly female with a history of childhood-onset disease and associated nasal polyp (NP) increased the likelihood of severe asthma, OR=1.08, 2.01, 2.36, 8.42; p<0.001, 0.05, 0.05, <0.001, respectively.

Conclusion: The T allele and CT genotype in the co-dominant genetic model and the (CT+TT) genotype in the recessive model were found to have a higher likelihood of developing mild asthma but not severe asthma; severe asthma was found to be higher in elderly females with a history of childhood-onset disease and associated nasal polyps.

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