High-dimensional Single-cell Proteomics Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals Dynamic Alterations of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment After Neoadjuvant Therapy

Overview

Journal J Immunother Cancer

Specialties Allergy & Immunology
Oncology
Pharmacology

Date 2023 Nov 28

PMID 38016720

Authors

Dingpei Han

Yichao Han

Wei Guo

Wei Wei

Su Yang

Jie Xiang

Jiaming Che

Lianggang Zhu

Junbiao Hang

Tom van den Ende

Hanneke W M van Laarhoven

Bin Li

Youqiong Ye

Hecheng Li

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Dynamic alterations of the tumor immune microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after different neoadjuvant therapies were understudied.

Methods: We used mass cytometry with a 42-antibody panel for 6 adjacent normal esophageal mucosa and 26 tumor samples (treatment-naïve, n=12; postneoadjuvant, n=14) from patients with ESCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing of previous studies and bulk RNA sequencing from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses were performed.

Results: Poor tumor regression was observed in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group. Radiotherapy-based regimens enhanced CD8 T cells but diminished regulatory T cells and promoted the ratio of effector memory to central memory T cells. Immune checkpoint blockade augmented NK cell activation and cytotoxicity by increasing the frequency of CD16 NK cells. We discovered a novel CCR4CCR6 macrophage subset that correlated with the enrichment of corresponding chemokines (CCL3/CCL5/CCL17/CCL20/CCL22). We established a CCR4/CCR6 chemokine-based model that stratified ESCC patients with differential overall survival and responsiveness to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy, which was validated in two independent cohorts of esophageal cancer with neoadjuvant treatment.

Conclusions: This work reveals that neoadjuvant therapy significantly regulates the cellular composition of the tumor immune microenvironment in ESCC and proposes a potential model of CCR4/CCR6 system to predict the benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

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