Durability of Immune Response Against Omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 and T Cell Responses After Boosting with MRNA and Adenoviral Vector-based Vaccines Following Heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1nCov-19 Vaccination

Overview

Journal Hum Vaccin Immunother

Specialty Allergy & Immunology

Date 2023 Nov 28

PMID 38014687

Authors

Nungruthai Suntronwong

Sitthichai Kanokudom

Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn

Thanunrat Thongmee

Natthinee Sudhinaraset

Nasamon Wanlapakorn

Yong Poovorawan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Heterologous vaccination with inactivated vaccine followed by adenoviral vector-based vaccine has shown superiority in enhancing immune response compared to homologous primary series. However, data comparing immunity decline after a third booster following heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1nCov-19 has been limited. Here, we assessed neutralizing activity against omicron variant and T cell response at 3 months monitoring in 96 individuals who received ChAdOx-1nCov-19, BNT162b2, or mRNA-1273 as a third dose following heterologous CoronaVac/ChAdOx-1nCov-19. Comparing the antibody levels at 3 and 1 month(s) after the third booster, the results showed a persistence of anti-RBD IgG in all vaccine regimens, with the IgG level waning slower in the ChAdOx-1nCov-19 boosted group (geometric mean ratio (GMR): 0.64 (95%CI: 0.59-0.70)) compared to the BNT162b2 (0.34 (95%CI:0.31-0.38)) and mRNA-1273 boosted groups (0.32 (95%CI: 0.29-0.36)). Neutralizing activity against omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 dropped by 1.2 to 1.5-fold but remained detectable, with the highest level observed in the mRNA-1273 group, followed by BNT162b2 and ChAdOx-1nCov-19 groups, respectively. Furthermore, the number of individuals with T cell reactivity decreased in BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 groups, while it increased in ChAdOx-1nCov-19 group at 3-month post-boost compared to 1 month. Data on the durability of immune response could help comprehensively optimize the booster vaccine strategy.

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