Coagulation Abnormalities Associated with Acute Angiostrongylus Vasorum Infection in Dogs

Ten dogs were experimentally infected with 150 3rd-stage larvae of the lungworm Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866). Blood samples obtained once a week for 5 weeks after infection was induced were examined for coagulation alterations. Thrombocytopenia developed in infected dogs before and after parasitic patency, which occurred 6 weeks after infection was induced. Prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombocytopenia initially were associated with periods of larval migration and, later, at patency, with pulmonary egg embolism and hatching of 1st-stage larvae in the lung. Decreased factor-V activity, significantly shortened values for the prothrombin time, and increased factor-VIII activity were evident during postpatent periods of parasitic infection. Significant changes were not found in factors-XII and -IX activities throughout the course of infection. Coagulation abnormalities were attributed to excessive intravascular coagulation. Immature adults and first stages of the parasite seemed to have initiated the coagulopathy in the prepatent phase of infection, with subsequent coagulation abnormalities occurring at the time of patency.