Digital Device Use, Risk of Cognitive Impairment, and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults: The Role of Cognitive Reserve

Overview

Journal Healthcare (Basel)

Specialty Health Services

Date 2023 Nov 14

PMID 37957967

Authors

Carolyn Liang

Ponnusamy Subramaniam

Nurul Syasya Mohd Ridzwan Goh

Tay Kok Wai

Ahmed A Moustafa

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Neuroprotective factors are essential to successful ageing. As such, digital device use was proposed as an easily accessible and stimulating available cognitive activity to enhance brain function. Nonetheless, there was a lack of studies inspecting the connection between digital device use and cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition. This study aims to investigate the potential mediator and moderator of the association between digital device use, cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition among healthy older adults. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationship between digital device use and cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition. A total of 210 healthy older adults were recruited through purposive sampling. The results obtained from this study revealed that there was a significant difference in cognitive reserve and cognition between healthy older adults who use a digital device for communication purpose only and who use a digital device for multiple purposes. A significant relationship was also found between cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition. Although digital device use was found to be significantly associated with cognitive reserve and cognition, it was not significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Cognitive reserve partially mediated the relationship between digital device use and cognition, supporting the notion that cognitive reserve acts as an underlying mechanism in the relationship between digital device use and cognition. Hence, digital device use was suggested to be a good daily intervention for healthy older adults to build on their cognitive reserve and potentially protect their cognition from declining. Nevertheless, relying on digital device use alone is not sufficient, and other activities should be explored to enhance cognitive reserve among healthy older adults.

Citing Articles

Development of a digital multidomain lifestyle intervention for mild cognitive impairment: A pilot study on the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive training.

Han H, Ko M, Park A, Cheun J, Nam Y, Kim T Digit Health. 2024; 10:20552076241284810.

PMID: 39430697 PMC: 11490987. DOI: 10.1177/20552076241284810.

Neurosustainability.

Khalil M Front Hum Neurosci. 2024; 18:1436179.

PMID: 39268220 PMC: 11390526. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1436179.

References

Hsieh S, Schubert S, Hoon C, Mioshi E, Hodges J . Validation of the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2013; 36(3-4):242-50. DOI: 10.1159/000351671. View

Kleineidam L, Thoma M, Maercker A, Bickel H, Mosch E, Hajek A . What Is Successful Aging? A Psychometric Validation Study of Different Construct Definitions. Gerontologist. 2018; 59(4):738-748. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny083. View

Tian H, Wang Y . Mobile Phone Addiction and Sleep Quality among Older People: The Mediating Roles of Depression and Loneliness. Behav Sci (Basel). 2023; 13(2). PMC: 9952244. DOI: 10.3390/bs13020153. View

Ganapathy S, Sooryanarayana R, Ahmad N, Jamaluddin R, Abd Razak M, Tan M . Prevalence of dementia and quality of life of caregivers of people living with dementia in Malaysia. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020; 20 Suppl 2:16-20. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14031. View

Soldan A, Pettigrew C, Cai Q, Wang J, Wang M, Moghekar A . Cognitive reserve and long-term change in cognition in aging and preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2017; 60:164-172. PMC: 5679465. DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.09.002. View

Groot C, van Loenhoud A, Barkhof F, van Berckel B, Koene T, Teunissen C . Differential effects of cognitive reserve and brain reserve on cognition in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2017; 90(2):e149-e156. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004802. View

Song S, Stern Y, Gu Y . Modifiable lifestyle factors and cognitive reserve: A systematic review of current evidence. Ageing Res Rev. 2021; 74:101551. PMC: 8794051. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101551. View

Stern Y . What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002; 8(3):448-60. View

Leon I, Garcia J, Roldan-Tapia L . [Development of the scale of cognitive reserve in Spanish population: a pilot study]. Rev Neurol. 2011; 52(11):653-60. View

10.

Kim S, Park S . A Meta-Analysis of the Correlates of Successful Aging in Older Adults. Res Aging. 2016; 39(5):657-677. DOI: 10.1177/0164027516656040. View

11.

Nithianantharajah J, Hannan A . The neurobiology of brain and cognitive reserve: mental and physical activity as modulators of brain disorders. Prog Neurobiol. 2009; 89(4):369-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.10.001. View

12.

Jokinen H, Melkas S, Madureira S, Verdelho A, Ferro J, Fazekas F . Cognitive reserve moderates long-term cognitive and functional outcome in cerebral small vessel disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016; 87(12):1296-1302. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-313914. View

13.

Yates L, Ziser S, Spector A, Orrell M . Cognitive leisure activities and future risk of cognitive impairment and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Psychogeriatr. 2016; 28(11):1791-1806. DOI: 10.1017/S1041610216001137. View

14.

Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh P . "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975; 12(3):189-98. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6. View

15.

Sixsmith A, Horst B, Simeonov D, Mihailidis A . Older People's Use of Digital Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Bull Sci Technol Soc. 2024; 42(1-2):19-24. PMC: 9038938. DOI: 10.1177/02704676221094731. View

16.

Fortenbaugh F, DeGutis J, Germine L, Wilmer J, Grosso M, Russo K . Sustained Attention Across the Life Span in a Sample of 10,000: Dissociating Ability and Strategy. Psychol Sci. 2015; 26(9):1497-510. PMC: 4567490. DOI: 10.1177/0956797615594896. View

17.

Mansor N, Chow C, Halaki M . Cognitive effects of video games in older adults and their moderators: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression. Aging Ment Health. 2019; 24(6):841-856. DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1574710. View

18.

Ibrahim N, Shohaimi S, Chong H, Abdul Rahman A, Razali R, Esther E . Validation study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in a Malay-speaking elderly population in Malaysia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2009; 27(3):247-53. DOI: 10.1159/000203888. View

19.

Clare L, Wu Y, Teale J, MacLeod C, Matthews F, Brayne C . Potentially modifiable lifestyle factors, cognitive reserve, and cognitive function in later life: A cross-sectional study. PLoS Med. 2017; 14(3):e1002259. PMC: 5360216. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002259. View

20.

Dekhtyar S, Marseglia A, Xu W, Darin-Mattsson A, Wang H, Fratiglioni L . Genetic risk of dementia mitigated by cognitive reserve: A cohort study. Ann Neurol. 2019; 86(1):68-78. PMC: 6618249. DOI: 10.1002/ana.25501. View