Strategies Adopted by Salmonella to Survive in Host: a Review

Overview

Journal Arch Microbiol

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2023 Oct 31

PMID 37904066

Authors

Wanwu Li

Qili Ren

Ting Ni

Yifei Zhao

Zichun Sang

Renli Luo

Zhongjie Li

Sanqiang Li

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Salmonella, a Gram-negative bacterium that infects humans and animals, causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to severe systemic infections. Here, we discuss various strategies used by Salmonella against host cell defenses. Epithelial cell invasion largely depends on a Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI)-1-encoded type 3 secretion system, a molecular syringe for injecting effector proteins directly into host cells. The internalization of Salmonella into macrophages is primarily driven by phagocytosis. After entering the host cell cytoplasm, Salmonella releases many effectors to achieve intracellular survival and replication using several secretion systems, primarily an SPI-2-encoded type 3 secretion system. Salmonella-containing vacuoles protect Salmonella from contacting bactericidal substances in epithelial cells and macrophages. Salmonella modulates the immunity, metabolism, cell cycle, and viability of host cells to expand its survival in the host, and the intracellular environment of Salmonella-infected cells promotes its virulence. This review provides insights into how Salmonella subverts host cell defenses for survival.

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