Race-Specific and Skin of Color Dermatoscopic Characteristics of Skin Cancer: A Literature Review

Introduction: Individuals with melanin-rich skin account for the majority of the world's population. However, literature data regarding dermatoscopic characteristics of skin cancer in skin of color (SoC) are scarce. The dermatoscopic characteristics of cutaneous tumors might differ among skin types due to heterogeneity in composition and pigmentation.

Objectives: To summarize literature data on the dermatoscopic findings of skin neoplasms, according to the skin color and race.

Methods: The literature search was performed using PubMed database up to December 30, 2022 and was conducted with the use of terms referring to dermatoscopy, race (Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians, and Black/African) and skin cancer types (BCC, SCC, keratoacanthoma, Bowen's disease and melanoma).

Results: In total, 30 race-specific records were included. 9 SoC records for BCCs (2 BCC studies in Hispanics, 1 BCC study in Black individuals and 6 BCC studies in Asians ), 9 SoC records for SCCs ( 1 SCC study in Hispanics, 1 SCC study in Black individuals and 7 SCCs in Asian population) and 8 SoC records for melanoma (2 melanoma studies in Hispanics, 1 melanoma study in Blacks and 5 melanoma studies in Asians) were compared with 4 records that involved only Caucasian population, according to their participant section as well as with studies on dermatoscopy characteristics without focusing on race origins and phototype of the patient. In Hispanics and in both fair and dark-skinned Asians, BCCs were more often pigmented or at least with pigmented structures on dermoscopy. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and keratoacanthoma were the least studied in SoC patients. Bowen's disease in SoC patients can be pigmented in a higher frequency compared to Caucasians, with glomerular vessels and a squamous surface being the most common dermatoscopic findings. The most frequent pattern of melanomas in SoC individuals were the parallel ridge pattern in palmoplantar region.

Conclusion: Based on a review of studies including Caucasians, Hispanics, Asians and Blacks /Africans, SoC patients present with more frequent and unique dermatoscopy features of skin cancers.