» Articles » PMID: 37867719

Occurrence of Virulence Genes Among Methicillin-Resistant Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis

Abstract

The occurrence of -induced subclinical mastitis holds significant implications for public health. This specific microorganism possesses a wide array of pathogenic factors that enable it to adhere to, colonize, invade, and infect the host. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of , determine antimicrobial resistance patterns, and identify virulence genes of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains responsible for subclinical mastitis in bovines. A total of 249 milk samples were collected from various farms in the district of Faisalabad. The presence of subclinical mastitis was assessed by using the California mastitis test. Positive milk samples ( = 100) were then subjected to standard microbiological techniques for isolation and identification of . Antibiogram analysis was conducted by using the disc diffusion method to assess antimicrobial resistance. For the molecular detection of and its virulence genes, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with species-specific primers. The overall prevalence of was found to be 40% (40/100), which was confirmed through molecular detection of the gene in 40/40 (100%) of samples using PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests indicated the highest susceptibility to vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, while the highest resistance rate was observed against tetracycline. Additionally, 30% of samples (12/40) tested positive for methicillin resistance. PCR analysis revealed that 100% of MRSA-tested isolates harbored the and genes. Furthermore, the MRSA isolates showed the presence of , , , , , i, , and genes at rates of 92, 75, 67, 42, 42, 75, 8, and 25%, respectively. These findings underscore the need for stricter aseptic control in dairy farms to prevent disease transmission between animals and ensure the production of safe and uncontaminated food for human consumption.

Citing Articles

Comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and virulence factors of staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis.

Moreno J, Diana L, Martinez M, Iribarnegaray V, Puentes R Heliyon. 2025; 11(4):e42749.

PMID: 40066049 PMC: 11891686. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42749.


Prevalence, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence factors of isolates associated with bovine mastitis in northern Bangladesh.

Islam M, Hossain M, Islam M, Azam M, Sultana S Heliyon. 2025; 11(3):e42107.

PMID: 39959493 PMC: 11830309. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42107.


Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the main causes of bacterial meningitis in duck.

Wang J, Meng Y, Zhang R, Yan H, Xu G, Zhu Y Poult Sci. 2024; 103(5):103592.

PMID: 38447309 PMC: 11067754. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103592.

References
1.
Roshan M, Parmanand , Arora D, Behera M, Vats A, Gautam D . Virulence and enterotoxin gene profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021; 80:101724. DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101724. View

2.
Algammal A, Enany M, El-Tarabili R, Ghobashy M, Helmy Y . Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence and Enterotoxins-Determinant Genes of MRSA Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in Egypt. Pathogens. 2020; 9(5). PMC: 7281566. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050362. View

3.
Algammal A, Wahdan A, Elhaig M . Potential efficiency of conventional and advanced approaches used to detect Mycobacterium bovis in cattle. Microb Pathog. 2019; 134:103574. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103574. View

4.
Tesfaye K, Gizaw Z, Feleke Haile A . Prevalence of Mastitis and Phenotypic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant in Lactating Dairy Cows of Selected Dairy Farms in and Around Adama Town, Central Ethiopia. Environ Health Insights. 2021; 15:11786302211021297. PMC: 8165823. DOI: 10.1177/11786302211021297. View

5.
Neelam , Jain V, Singh M, Joshi V, Chhabra R, Singh K . Virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus associated with clinical mastitis in cattle. PLoS One. 2022; 17(5):e0264762. PMC: 9064094. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264762. View