Effects of Combined Physical and Cognitive Program Performed in Socially Enriched Environment on Older People's Cognitive Abilities and Quality of Life (StimCoAPS): Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Overview

Journal BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

Specialty Orthopedics

Date 2023 Oct 20

PMID 37860154

Authors

Tiphanie Gonnord

David Clarys

Olivier Dupuy

Marion Albouy

Virginie Migeot

Rebeca Grangeiro

Catherine Esnard

Geoffroy Boucard

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The number of older people worldwide is constantly increasing. However, ageing is accompanied by a decline in cognitive ability that can affect quality of life. Cognitive, physical and social activities can all slow this decline but social factors and their contribution to the well-being remain under-researched. The aim of this study is to analyse how the practice environment can foster these social relations and thus enhance well-being and to identify the psychological dimensions that are activated by social relations. This study is a 3-year randomised controlled trial designed to assess the effects on participants' cognitive abilities and quality of life of a combined (ie, physical and cognitive) training programme in different social practice environments. A total of 159 older people (≥65 years old) will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of three practice environments: individual practice at home (n=53), group practice in a gymnasium (n=53) and group practice in an enriched environment (n=53). All participants will complete 12-week combined training sessions and will be assessed four times: before the start, in the middle, at the end and 6 months after the end of the programme. They will undergo cognitive function (episodic memory and executive functions), physical capacity (aerobic fitness, muscle strength and dynamic balance) and psychosocial assessments (indicators of psychological well-being, social support, self-esteem, anxiety, depression and achievement goal strategies), as well as semistructured interviews. Statistical analyses will be conducted to assess the effect of the practice environment on the perceived benefits of this programme in terms of cognitive abilities and quality of life, and to determine the role of psychosocial factors in this relationship. This protocol has been approved by an institutional review board (CERSTAPS: IRB00012476-2022-20-01-146). Trials registration number: NCT05721508.

References

Colcombe S, Erickson K, Raz N, Webb A, Cohen N, McAuley E . Aerobic fitness reduces brain tissue loss in aging humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003; 58(2):176-80. DOI: 10.1093/gerona/58.2.m176. View

Podsiadlo D, Richardson S . The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991; 39(2):142-8. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x. View

Queen N, Hassan 2nd Q, Cao L . Improvements to Healthspan Through Environmental Enrichment and Lifestyle Interventions: Where Are We Now?. Front Neurosci. 2020; 14:605. PMC: 7325954. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00605. View

Reuter-Lorenz P, Park D . How does it STAC up? Revisiting the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition. Neuropsychol Rev. 2014; 24(3):355-70. PMC: 4150993. DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9270-9. View

Baron R, Kenny D . The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986; 51(6):1173-82. DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173. View

Arkin S . Language-enriched exercise plus socialization slows cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2007; 22(1):62-77. PMC: 10697205. DOI: 10.1177/1533317506295377. View

Zigmond A, SNAITH R . The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983; 67(6):361-70. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x. View

Basak C, Qin S, OConnell M . Differential effects of cognitive training modules in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychol Aging. 2020; 35(2):220-249. PMC: 7050567. DOI: 10.1037/pag0000442. View

KIRCHNER W . Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. J Exp Psychol. 1958; 55(4):352-8. DOI: 10.1037/h0043688. View

10.

Nasreddine Z, Phillips N, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I . The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005; 53(4):695-9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x. View

11.

Charles M, Thivel D, Verney J, Isacco L, Husu P, Vaha-Ypya H . Reliability and Validity of the ONAPS Physical Activity Questionnaire in Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in French Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(11). PMC: 8197457. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115643. View

12.

Rieker J, Reales J, Muinos M, Ballesteros S . The Effects of Combined Cognitive-Physical Interventions on Cognitive Functioning in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022; 16:838968. PMC: 8987130. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838968. View

13.

Gheysen F, Poppe L, DeSmet A, Swinnen S, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I . Physical activity to improve cognition in older adults: can physical activity programs enriched with cognitive challenges enhance the effects? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2018; 15(1):63. PMC: 6032764. DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0697-x. View

14.

Slater A, Cao L . A Protocol for Housing Mice in an Enriched Environment. J Vis Exp. 2015; (100):e52874. PMC: 4544994. DOI: 10.3791/52874. View

15.

Gavelin H, Dong C, Minkov R, Bahar-Fuchs A, Ellis K, Lautenschlager N . Combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with and without cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ageing Res Rev. 2020; 66:101232. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101232. View

16.

Gardiner J . Functional aspects of recollective experience. Mem Cognit. 1988; 16(4):309-13. DOI: 10.3758/bf03197041. View

17.

McMurphy T, Huang W, Queen N, Ali S, Widstrom K, Liu X . Implementation of environmental enrichment after middle age promotes healthy aging. Aging (Albany NY). 2018; 10(7):1698-1721. PMC: 6075449. DOI: 10.18632/aging.101502. View

18.

Keyes C, Wissing M, Potgieter J, Temane M, Kruger A, van Rooy S . Evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in setswana-speaking South Africans. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2008; 15(3):181-92. DOI: 10.1002/cpp.572. View

19.

Hertzog C, Kramer A, Wilson R, Lindenberger U . Enrichment Effects on Adult Cognitive Development: Can the Functional Capacity of Older Adults Be Preserved and Enhanced?. Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2015; 9(1):1-65. DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x. View

20.

Caron J . [A validation of the Social Provisions Scale: the SPS-10 items]. Sante Ment Que. 2013; 38(1):297-318. PMC: 5031489. DOI: 10.7202/1019198ar. View