Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Overview

Journal Differentiation

Publisher Elsevier

Specialties Cell Biology
Reproductive Medicine

Date 2023 Oct 20

PMID 37858405

Authors

Audrey Nickle

Sebastian Ko

Amy E Merrill

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2), also known as basic fibroblast growth factor, is a potent stimulator of growth and differentiation in multiple tissues. Its discovery traces back over 50 years ago when it was first isolated from bovine pituitary extracts due to its ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Subsequent studies investigating the genomic structure of FGF2 identified multiple protein isoforms, categorized as the low molecular weight and high molecular weight FGF2. These isoforms arise from alternative translation initiation events and exhibit unique molecular and cellular functions. In this concise review, we aim to provide an overview of what is currently known about the structure, expression, and functions of the FGF2 isoforms within the contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease.

Citing Articles

Current status of nano-embedded growth factors and stem cells delivery to bone for targeted repair and regeneration.

Liang W, Zhou C, Liu X, Xie Q, Xia L, Liu L J Orthop Translat. 2025; 50:257-273.

PMID: 39902262 PMC: 11788687. DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.12.006.

MicroRNA binding site variants-new potential markers of primary osteoporosis in men and women.

Yalaev B, Deev R, Tyurin A, Salakhov R, Smirnov K, Eremkina A Front Genet. 2024; 15:1470310.

PMID: 39411371 PMC: 11473367. DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1470310.

Growth Factors and Their Application in the Therapy of Hereditary Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Issa S, Fayoud H, Shaimardanova A, Sufianov A, Sufianova G, Solovyeva V Biomedicines. 2024; 12(8).

PMID: 39200370 PMC: 11351319. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081906.

References

Florkiewicz R, Sommer A . Human basic fibroblast growth factor gene encodes four polypeptides: three initiate translation from non-AUG codons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989; 86(11):3978-81. PMC: 287371. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.11.3978. View

Plotnikov A, Schlessinger J, Hubbard S, Mohammadi M . Structural basis for FGF receptor dimerization and activation. Cell. 1999; 98(5):641-50. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80051-3. View

Thompson S, Higashiyama S, Wood K, Pollitt N, Damm D, McEnroe G . Characterization of sequences within heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor that mediate interaction with heparin. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269(4):2541-9. View

Foletti A, Vuadens F, Beermann F . Nuclear localization of mouse fibroblast growth factor 2 requires N-terminal and C-terminal sequences. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003; 60(10):2254-65. PMC: 11138881. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3258-6. View

Ma C, Bower K, Chen G, Shi X, Ke Z, Luo J . Interaction between ERK and GSK3beta mediates basic fibroblast growth factor-induced apoptosis in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. J Biol Chem. 2008; 283(14):9248-56. PMC: 2431019. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M707316200. View

Chen Q, Li Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Hu Y, Li L . Tumor Fibroblast-Derived FGF2 Regulates Expression of SPRY1 in Esophageal Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Plays a Role in T-cell Exhaustion. Cancer Res. 2020; 80(24):5583-5596. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-1542. View

du Cros D, Isaacs K, Moore G . Distribution of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in ovine skin during follicle morphogenesis. J Cell Sci. 1993; 105 ( Pt 3):667-74. DOI: 10.1242/jcs.105.3.667. View

Pellieux C, Foletti A, Peduto G, Aubert J, Nussberger J, Beermann F . Dilated cardiomyopathy and impaired cardiac hypertrophic response to angiotensin II in mice lacking FGF-2. J Clin Invest. 2001; 108(12):1843-51. PMC: 209469. DOI: 10.1172/JCI13627. View

Li Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Li X, Sasaki Y, Wang S . Fibroblast growth factor 2 regulates bone sialoprotein gene transcription in human breast cancer cells. J Oral Sci. 2010; 52(1):125-32. DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.125. View

10.

Pantoliano M, Horlick R, Springer B, Van Dyk D, Tobery T, Wetmore D . Multivalent ligand-receptor binding interactions in the fibroblast growth factor system produce a cooperative growth factor and heparin mechanism for receptor dimerization. Biochemistry. 1994; 33(34):10229-48. DOI: 10.1021/bi00200a003. View

11.

Itoh N, Ornitz D . Evolution of the Fgf and Fgfr gene families. Trends Genet. 2004; 20(11):563-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2004.08.007. View

12.

Bugler B, Amalric F, Prats H . Alternative initiation of translation determines cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of basic fibroblast growth factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1991; 11(1):573-7. PMC: 359672. DOI: 10.1128/mcb.11.1.573-577.1991. View

13.

Armelin H . Pituitary extracts and steroid hormones in the control of 3T3 cell growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973; 70(9):2702-6. PMC: 427087. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2702. View

14.

Forsten-Williams K, Chua C, Nugent M . The kinetics of FGF-2 binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans and MAP kinase signaling. J Theor Biol. 2005; 233(4):483-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.10.020. View

15.

Rosenblatt-Velin N, Lepore M, Cartoni C, Beermann F, Pedrazzini T . FGF-2 controls the differentiation of resident cardiac precursors into functional cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115(7):1724-33. PMC: 1143587. DOI: 10.1172/JCI23418. View

16.

Visel A, Thaller C, Eichele G . GenePaint.org: an atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003; 32(Database issue):D552-6. PMC: 308763. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh029. View

17.

Kawano M, Komi-Kuramochi A, Asada M, Suzuki M, Oki J, Jiang J . Comprehensive analysis of FGF and FGFR expression in skin: FGF18 is highly expressed in hair follicles and capable of inducing anagen from telogen stage hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol. 2005; 124(5):877-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23693.x. View

18.

Faham S, Hileman R, Fromm J, Linhardt R, Rees D . Heparin structure and interactions with basic fibroblast growth factor. Science. 1996; 271(5252):1116-20. DOI: 10.1126/science.271.5252.1116. View

19.

Liu C, Guan H, Wang Y, Chen M, Xu B, Zhang L . miR-195 Inhibits EMT by Targeting FGF2 in Prostate Cancer Cells. PLoS One. 2015; 10(12):e0144073. PMC: 4674136. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144073. View

20.

Steringer J, Lange S, cujova S, Sachl R, Poojari C, Lolicato F . Key steps in unconventional secretion of fibroblast growth factor 2 reconstituted with purified components. Elife. 2017; 6. PMC: 5601999. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.28985. View