Effects of Pulmonary Air Leak on Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal BMC Pulm Med

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Pulmonary Medicine

Date 2023 Oct 19

PMID 37858100

Authors

Zhuan Zhong

Jia Guo

Xingzhao Li

Yingying Han

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed increasing challenges to global health systems. We aimed to understand the effects of pulmonary air leak (PAL), including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema, on patients with COVID-19.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for data and performed a meta-analysis with a random-effects model using Stata 14.0. This meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results: Thirty-five articles were included in the meta-analysis. The data came from 14 countries and included 3,047 COVID-19 patients with PAL, 11,3679 COVID-19 patients without PAL and 361 non-COVID-19 patients with PAL. We found that the incidence of PAL was much higher in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients (odds ratio (OR) = 6.13, 95% CI: 2.09-18.00). We found that the group of COVID-19 patients with PAL had a longer hospital stay (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.27-1.30) and intensive care unit (ICU) stay (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.19-0.83) and comprised more ICU (OR = 15.16, 95% CI: 6.51-35.29) and mechanical ventilation patients (OR = 5.52, 95% CI: 1.69-17.99); furthermore, the mortality rate was also higher (OR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.80-3.82).

Conclusions: Patients with lung injuries caused by COVID-19 may develop PAL. COVID-19 patients with PAL require more medical resources, have more serious conditions and have worse clinical outcomes.

Prospero Registration Number: CRD42022365047.

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