Response to a Low-energy Meal Replacement Plan on Glycometabolic Profile and Reverse Cardiac Remodelling in Type 2 Diabetes: a Comparison Between South Asians and White Europeans

Overview

Journal Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2023 Oct 9

PMID 37811525

Authors

Lavanya Athithan

Gaurav S Gulsin

Joseph Henson

Loai Althagafi

Emma Redman

Stavroula Argyridou

Kelly S Parke

Jian Yeo

Thomas Yates

Kamlesh Khunti

Melanie J Davies

Gerry P McCann

Emer M Brady

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: South Asians (SA) constitute a quarter of the global population and are disproportionally affected by both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure. There remains limited data of the acceptability and efficacy of low-energy meal replacement plans to induce remission of T2D in SA.

Objectives: The objective of this exploratory secondary analysis of the DIASTOLIC study was to determine if there was a differential uptake, glycometabolic and cardiovascular response to a low-energy meal replacement plan (MRP) between SA and White European (WE) people with T2D.

Methods: Obese adults with T2D without symptomatic cardiovascular disease were allocated a low-energy (~810 kcal/day) MRP as part of the DIASTOLIC study (NCT02590822). Comprehensive multiparametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and metabolic profiling were undertaken at baseline and 12 weeks. A comparison of change at 12 weeks between groups with baseline adjustment was undertaken.

Results: Fifteen WE and 12 SAs were allocated the MRP. All WE participants completed the MRP 8/12 (66%) SAs. The degree of concentric left ventricular remodelling was similar between ethnicities. Despite similar weight loss and reduction in liver fat percentage, SA had a lower reduction in Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance [-5.7 (95% CI: -7.3, -4.2) -8.6 (-9.7, -7.6), = 0.005] and visceral adiposity compared to WE [-0.43% (-0.61, -0.25) -0.80% (-0.91, -0.68), = 0.002]. Exercise capacity increased in WE with no change observed in SA. There was a trend towards more reverse remodelling in WE compared to SAs.

Conclusions: Compliance to the MRP was lower in SA WE. Overall, those completing the MRP saw improvements in weight, body composition and indices of glycaemic control irrespective of ethnicity. Whilst improvements in VAT and insulin resistance appear to be dampened in SA WE, given the small sample, larger studies are required to confirm or challenge this potential ethnic disparity.

Trail Registration: NCT02590822.

Citing Articles

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Caloric Restriction on Skeletal Muscle Mass in Individuals with, and without, Type 2 Diabetes.

Anyiam O, Abdul Rashid R, Bhatti A, Khan-Madni S, Ogunyemi O, Ardavani A Nutrients. 2024; 16(19).

PMID: 39408294 PMC: 11479040. DOI: 10.3390/nu16193328.

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