Leveraging Digital Technology for Social Connectedness Among Adults with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review

Purpose: To review the evidence about the impact of digital technology on social connectedness among adults with one or more chronic health conditions.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Social Sciences, CINAHL, and Compendex were systematically searched for full-text, peer-reviewed empirical evidence published between 2012 and 2023 and reported using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were critically appraised applying the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Specific data were extracted based on the framework for social identity and technology approaches for health outcomes and then analyzed and synthesized.

Results: Thirty-four studies met study criteria. Evidence showed heterogeneity among research methodology, chronic health conditions, digital technology, and health outcomes. Technology use was influenced by factors such as usability, anonymity, availability, and control. More advanced digital technologies require higher digital literacy and improved accessibility features/modifications. Social support was the most measured aspect of social connectedness. The emotional and informational forms of social support were most reported; instrumental support was the least likely to be delivered. Self-efficacy for using technology was considered in seven articles. Sixteen articles reported health outcomes: 31.2% ( = 5) described mental health outcomes only, 18.8% ( = 3) reported physical health outcomes only, 31.2% ( = 5) detailed both physical and mental health outcomes, whereas 18.8% ( = 3) denoted well-being or quality-of-life outcomes. Most often, health outcomes were positive, with negative outcomes for selected groups also noted.

Conclusion: Leveraging digital technology to promote social connectedness has the potential to affect positive health outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the social integration of technology among populations with different contexts and chronic health conditions to enhance and tailor digital interventions.