Stereospecificity of Ginsenoside AD-1 and AD-2 Showed Anticancer Activity Via Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Cell Apoptosis

Overview

Journal Molecules

Publisher MDPI

Specialty Biology

Date 2023 Sep 28

PMID 37764474

Authors

Xude Wang

Meng Ding

Hong Zhao

Mengru Zhou

Xuan Lu

Yuanyuan Sun

Qinggao Zhang

Yuqing Zhao

Ruoyu Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

In this paper, the anti-cancer activity and molecular mechanisms of the isomers of AD-1 and AD-2 (20()-AD-1, 20()-AD-2, 20()-AD-1 and 20()-AD-2) were investigated. The results indicated that all of the four compounds obviously suppressed the viability of various cancer cells, and the anti-cancer activity of 20()-AD-1 and 20()-AD-2 was significantly better than 20()-AD-1 and 20()-AD-2, especially for gastric cancer cells (BGC-803). Then, the differences in the anti-cancer mechanisms of the isomers were investigated. The data showed that 20()-AD-1 and 20()-AD-2 induced apoptosis and decreased MMP, up-regulated the expression of cytochrome C in cytosol, transferred Bax to the mitochondria, suppressed oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Apoptosis can be attenuated by the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine. However, 20()-AD-1 and 20()-AD-2 barely exhibited the same results. The results indicated that 20()-AD-1 and 20()-AD-2 suppressed cellular energy metabolism and caused apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway, which ROS generation was probably involved in. Above all, the data support the development of 20()-AD-1 and 20()-AD-2 as potential agents for human gastric carcinoma therapy.

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