Genome and Transcriptome of Provide Insights into High-altitude Hypoxia Adaptation and Symbiosis

is a well-known conifer pest that has contributed significantly to spruce forest disturbance in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and seriously threatens the ecological balance of these areas. We report a chromosome-level genome of determined by PacBio and Hi-C technology. Phylogenetic inference showed that it diverged from the common ancestor of ∼2.27 mya. Gene family expansion in was characterized by DNA damage repair and energy metabolism, which may facilitate adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia. Interestingly, differential gene expression analysis revealed upregulated genes associated with high-altitude hypoxia adaptation and downregulated genes associated with detoxification after feeding and tunneling in fungal symbiont -colonized substrates. Our findings provide evidence of the potential adaptability of to conifer host, high-altitude hypoxia and insight into how fungal symbiont assist in this process. This study enhances our understanding of insect adaptation, symbiosis, and pest management.