Parkinson's Disease Alters the Composition of Subgingival Microbiome
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Aim: The current study aimed to test the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease exacerbates periodontitis by altering its microbiome.
Materials And Methods: Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. Subgingival samples from healthy controls, periodontitis patients (PD), and Parkinson's patients with periodontitis (PA+PD) were analyzed using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization technique for targeting 40 bacterial species typically associated with periodontal disease and health. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (V1-V3 regions) was performed to analyze the microbiome comprehensively.
Results: Parkinson's patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunctions. Bleeding on probing was significantly increased in the PA+PD group compared to PD ( < 0.05). With checkerboard analysis, PA was associated with increased ( = 0.0062), ( = 0.0439), ( < 0.0001), ( = 0.0002), ( < 0.0001), and ( = 0.0020). ( = 0.0042), ( = 0.0022), ( = 0.0002), ( = 0.0045), ( = 0.0267), ( = 0.0017), ( = 0.0020), and ( = 0.0002) were higher; ( = 0.0072) was lower in deep pockets in the PA+PD compared to PD. ( = 0.0351) and ( = 0.002) were lower; ( = 0.0002), ( = 0065), ( = 0.0151), ( = 0.0141), ( = 0.0057), and ( = 0.0316) were higher in shallow pockets in the PA+PD. Diversity decreased in PD ( = 0.001) and PA+PD ( = 0.026) compared to control, with minimal differences in alpha and beta diversities among PD and PA+PD based on NGS results.
Conclusion: These data demonstrated that Parkinson's disease modifies PD-associated subgingival microbiome.
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