Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Giardia Duodenalis in Dairy Cattle in Central Inner Mongolia, Northern China

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2023 Aug 26

PMID 37634027

Authors

Li Zhao

Zhan-Sheng Zhang

Wen-Xiong Han

Bo Yang

Hai-Liang Chai

Ming-Yuan Wang

Yan Wang

Shan Zhang

Wei-Hong Zhao

Yi-Min Ma

Yong-Jie Zhan

Li-Feng Wang

Yu-Lin Ding

Jin-Ling Wang

Yong-Hong Liu

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Giardia duodenalis is a gastrointestinal protozoan ubiquitous in nature. It is a confirmed zoonotic pathogen, and cattle are considered a source of giardiasis outbreaks in humans. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and multilocus genotype (MLG) of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in Central Inner Mongolia. This study was based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), and beta-giardin (bg) genes of G. duodenalis. DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequence analysis were performed on 505 dairy cattle fecal samples collected in 2021 from six sampling sites and four age groups in Central Inner Mongolia to determine the prevalence and MLG distribution of G. duodenalis. The PCR results of SSU rRNA revealed that the overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 29.5% (149/505) and that the overall prevalence of the diarrhea and nondiarrhea samples was 31.5% (46/146) and 28.5% (103/359), respectively; the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). SSU rRNA sequence analysis revealed that G. duodenalis assemblage E (91.1%, 133/146) was primarily detected and that assemblage A (8.9%, 13/146) was detected in 13 samples. The G. duodenalis-positive samples were PCR amplified and sequenced for gdh, tpi, and bg, from which 38, 47, and 70 amplified sequences were obtained, respectively. A combination of G. duodenalis assemblages A and E were detected in seven samples. Multilocus genotyping yielded 25 different assemblage E MLGs, which formed six subgroups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding G. duodenalis infection in dairy cattle in Inner Mongolia, China. This study revealed that Inner Mongolian cattle pose a risk of giardiasis transmission to humans and that the distribution of local cattle G. duodenalis assemblage E MLGs is diverse. The findings of this study can bridge the knowledge gap in the molecular epidemiological investigation of giardiasis in Central Inner Mongolia.

Citing Articles

Molecular characterization of common zoonotic protozoan parasites and bacteria causing diarrhea in dairy calves in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

Zhao J, Fan Y, Lei Y, Liu D, Wang J, Yang X Parasite. 2024; 31:60.

PMID: 39353100 PMC: 11444552. DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024059.

First report of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle and beef cattle in Shanxi, China.

Zhao L, Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang S, Wang L, Zhang Z Mol Biol Rep. 2024; 51(1):403.

PMID: 38457002 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09342-7.

Molecular detection and genetic characteristics of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle from large-scale breeding farms in Xinjiang, China.

Zhao Q, Yang B, Huang M, Qi M, Xu C, Jing B Parasitol Res. 2024; 123(1):106.

PMID: 38243024 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08123-2.

Occurrence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Zoonotic Enteropathogenic Protist Parasites in Asymptomatic Domestic Ruminants from Portugal.

Gomes-Goncalves S, Palmeira J, Ferreira H, Santos-Silva S, Mesquita J Pathogens. 2023; 12(11).

PMID: 38003805 PMC: 10675233. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111341.

References

Adam R . Giardia duodenalis: Biology and Pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021; 34(4):e0002419. PMC: 8404698. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00024-19. View

Qi M, Wang H, Jing B, Wang R, Jian F, Ning C . Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in dairy calves in Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Parasit Vectors. 2016; 9(1):546. PMC: 5064801. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1828-3. View

Karanis P, Kourenti C, Smith H . Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: a worldwide review of outbreaks and lessons learnt. J Water Health. 2007; 5(1):1-38. DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.002. View

Baldursson S, Karanis P . Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks - an update 2004-2010. Water Res. 2011; 45(20):6603-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.013. View

Efstratiou A, Ongerth J, Karanis P . Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: Review of worldwide outbreaks - An update 2011-2016. Water Res. 2017; 114:14-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.036. View

Cardona G, de Lucio A, Bailo B, Cano L, de Fuentes I, Carmena D . Unexpected finding of feline-specific Giardia duodenalis assemblage F and Cryptosporidium felis in asymptomatic adult cattle in Northern Spain. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 209(3-4):258-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.02.028. View

Xiao L, Feng Y . Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogens spp. and . Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2020; 8-9:14-32. PMC: 7034008. DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2017.09.002. View

Ryan U, Hijjawi N, Feng Y, Xiao L . Giardia: an under-reported foodborne parasite. Int J Parasitol. 2018; 49(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.07.003. View

Karanis P, Ey P . Characterization of axenic isolates of Giardia intestinalis established from humans and animals in Germany. Parasitol Res. 1998; 84(6):442-9. DOI: 10.1007/s004360050427. View

10.

Zhang X, Dan J, Wang L, Liu H, Zhou Z, Ma X . High genetic diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblage E in Chinese dairy cattle. Infect Genet Evol. 2021; 92:104912. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104912. View

11.

Taghipour A, Sharbatkhori M, Tohidi F, Ghanbari M, Karanis P, Olfatifar M . Global prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in cattle: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med. 2022; 203:105632. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105632. View

12.

Ryan U, Caccio S . Zoonotic potential of Giardia. Int J Parasitol. 2013; 43(12-13):943-56. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.001. View

13.

Feng Y, Xiao L . Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2011; 24(1):110-40. PMC: 3021202. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00033-10. View

14.

Cai W, Ryan U, Xiao L, Feng Y . Zoonotic giardiasis: an update. Parasitol Res. 2021; 120(12):4199-4218. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07325-2. View

15.

Minetti C, Taweenan W, Hogg R, Featherstone C, Randle N, Latham S . Occurrence and diversity of Giardia duodenalis assemblages in livestock in the UK. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2013; 61(6):e60-7. PMC: 4285228. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12075. View

16.

Wang G, Wang G, Li X, Ma L, Karanis G, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E . Detection of Giardia duodenalis assemblage E infections at the Tibetan Plateau Area: Yaks are suitable hosts. Acta Trop. 2017; 169:157-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.018. View

17.

Geurden T, Geldhof P, Levecke B, Martens C, Berkvens D, Casaert S . Mixed Giardia duodenalis assemblage A and E infections in calves. Int J Parasitol. 2007; 38(2):259-64. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.07.016. View

18.

Dixon B, Parrington L, Cook A, Pintar K, Pollari F, Kelton D . The potential for zoonotic transmission of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. from beef and dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 175(1-2):20-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.032. View

19.

Ng J, Yang R, McCarthy S, Gordon C, Hijjawi N, Ryan U . Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-weaned calves in Western Australia and New South Wales. Vet Parasitol. 2010; 176(2-3):145-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.056. View

20.

Huang J, Yue D, Qi M, Wang R, Zhao J, Li J . Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle in Ningxia, northwestern China. BMC Vet Res. 2014; 10:292. PMC: 4268852. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0292-6. View